This review of nonstandard treatments as they relate to individuals with mental retardation reveals attempts to increase intelligence and make individuals "normal." Covering the early 1930s through the present, the review addresses: cell therapy, electric shock, behavior modification, vitamin B-6 therapy, Doman-Delacato treatment, auditory training, sensory integration, the Feingold diet, Candida Albicans yeasts, facial screening, Dolphin therapy, facilitative communication, and water-misting. The treatments are grouped according to their decade of initial presentation, with major developments briefly highlighted to illustrate their significance in special education. Issues underlying the arguments of advocates and opponents of the treatments are discussed. The role of studies pertaining to each issue is analyzed, and in some cases, the involvement of the U.S. mass media, legislature, and judicial system is mentioned. The following therapies that are professionally accepted and promoted by the education system are also briefly reviewed: art, music, and dance therapy; equine and pet therapy; recreation and play therapy; and physical and occupational therapy. Appendices include a diagnostic checklist for children with behavior disturbances and information on dosages and outcomes of studies of high-dose vitamin B6 and magnesium for individuals with autism. (Contains 151 references.) (SW)