Church-state issues in education have a long history in America. Although the U.S. Supreme Court has made several landmark decisions with regard to the separation of church and state in schools, strong conservative influences in Southern states, including Louisiana, have resulted in state statutes and individual school-district policies and practices that continue to "push the envelope" with regard to matters of church and state. This paper presents case summaries that are illustrative of the litigation involving the state of Louisiana, or school districts within the state, involving religion and education. In each case, the courts attempted to determine "intent" of the particular statute, policy, or practice. The case summaries focus on the following topics: equal-time instruction for creation science to balance instruction in evolution; teachers reading a disclaimer immediately before the teaching of evolution; public-school students and teachers observing a brief time in silent meditation at the start of each school day; coercion of a Muslim student to accept a Bible by the school principal; and prayer delivery before home football varsity games. The paper concludes with a discussion of four types of dilemmas a practicing administrator has to deal with on a yearly, or even daily basis. (RT)