This literature review focuses on research concerning the effect of peer tutoring on student achievement and self-concept in the modern classroom. Studies of peer tutoring and student achievement deal with the effects of tutoring on the instructional process, student attitudes and interests, student motivation, and pupils' self-direction. More…

The literature concerning tutoring in the elementary schools was surveyed and evaluated to determine the relative effectiveness of two types of programs--peer and cross-age tutoring. Studies involving each type of program were analyzed separately and effectiveness was judged by the gains in reading achievement experienced by both tutors and…

Issues in tutoring handicapped and gifted students are examined in the paper, one of a collection of papers commissioned for the Foundations project on the career development needs of students entering the National Technical Institute for the Deaf. Studies are reviewed which assess the effects of tutoring on both tutors and tutees in three broad…

Reviews some representative literature in man/machine tutorial systems. Student-to-student tutoring, tutoring by proctor, tutoring in programed instruction and with teaching machines, auto/audio/video tutoring, and tutoring with computers are discussed. (RAO)

Students who underwent counseling displayed a positive difference in classroom behavior, relationships with teachers and peers, and self-understanding. Tutored children improved their academic behavior and teachers reported success with several strategies for behavior change. (JAC)

Discusses prison education in Great Britain and reports on a study of Open University prison tutors that investigated tutorial relationships, student characteristics, and contextual features. Highlights include research on prison education; the Open University/Home Office Scheme that arranged prison education; and an appendix that shows course…

Research on computers in schools is reviewed. The findings include the following: (1) 53 percent of schools have computers; (2) restructuring classroom schedules and revising inservice programs would expand computer use; (3) software packages should allow for individual differences; (4) publishers are coordinating software with curriculum; and (5)…

This two-volume report summarizes and comments on international research into distance education done after 1970 and on some older research deemed still to be important. In the first volume, the review of research and development work is organized into 15 topic areas: (1) general analyses of distance education, philosophy and theory; (2) studies…

Intended as an overview for English department faculty with no direct experience in teaching freshman composition, this report contains a general account of the origin, basic features, and current direction of using tutorial methods in freshman composition classes. The five sections of the report provide the following information: (1) the history…

Experience in Scotland shows that telephone tuition can be an effective means to bring remote students and tutors into direct contact. One-to-one tuition, conference call tuition, and loud-speaker tuition are discussed. Limitations and advantages of this medium are noted, and development across the United Kingdom is advocated. (AF)

The current state of computer assisted instruction (CAI) in kindergarten through grade 12 is discussed. Four formats for CAI--drill, practice, tutorial, and simulation--are defined, and a set of criteria for distinguishing between effective and ineffective CAI are described. Comparisons are made between human and computer tutors. In response to…

This review provides an updated synthesis on peer tutoring research focusing on school-age students with mental retardation serving as tutors and/or tutees. The focus included peer tutoring implementations in the areas of academic, social, and daily living/self-help skills. Results of the 52 studies were categorized and discussed according to…

This manual was developed as part of a project that investigated the effectiveness of class-wide, peer-mediated reading instruction with middle grade students having mild disabilities and reading difficulties. It explains the procedures for introducing, implementing, and monitoring the project's version of sustained oral reading practice, in which…

The Foreign Language Understanding Engendered by Naturalistic Techniques (Fluent) project is an educational system for beginning foreign language learning. Arguments are made in support of Fluent's scientific and practical potential for a situation-based, two-medium conversational environment that refers to pedagogical and second-language…

Reviews factors affecting the tutoring process, including students' expectations of tutors; equitable tutor-tutee relations; and tutor gender. Considers ways tutoring can capitalize on peer relationships and reasons that students earn higher grades with a same-sex tutor. Suggests that tutor training address cultural sex stereotypes, ethnic…