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Correlates of Academic Overachievement, Nondiscrepant Achievement, and Learning Disability in ADHD, Autism, and General Population Samples
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Mayes, Susan Dickerson; Waschbusch, Daniel A.; Calhoun, Susan L.; Mattison, Richard E. – Exceptionality, 2020
Little is known about the characteristics of academic overachievers, children whose achievement significantly exceeds IQ. Correlates of overachievement (achievement test scores = 1 SD above IQ), nondiscrepant achievement, and learning disability (LD; achievement = 1 SD below IQ) were analyzed in 1,543 children (739 ADHD, 285 autism, and 519…
Descriptors: Overachievement, Learning Disabilities, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism
Executive Functioning Skills in Preschool-Age Children with Cochlear Implants
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Beer, Jessica; Kronenberger, William G.; Castellanos, Irina; Colson, Bethany G.; Henning, Shirley C.; Pisoni, David B. – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2014
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether deficits in executive functioning (EF) in children with cochlear implants (CIs) emerge as early as the preschool years. Method: Two groups of children ages 3 to 6 years participated in this cross-sectional study: 24 preschoolers who had CIs prior to 36 months of age and 21 preschoolers…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Preschool Children, Assistive Technology, Short Term Memory
Visuomotor Integration and Inhibitory Control Compensate for Each Other in School Readiness
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Cameron, Claire E.; Brock, Laura L.; Hatfield, Bridget E.; Cottone, Elizabeth A.; Rubinstein, Elise; LoCasale-Crouch, Jennifer; Grissmer, David W. – Developmental Psychology, 2015
Visuomotor integration (VMI), or the ability to copy designs, and 2 measures of executive function were examined in a predominantly low-income, typically developing sample of children (n = 467, mean age 4.2 years) from 5 U.S. states. In regression models controlling for age and demographic variables, we tested the interaction between visuomotor…
Descriptors: Sensory Integration, Inhibition, Executive Function, School Readiness
Poor Fine-Motor and Visuospatial Skills Predict Persistence of Pediatric-Onset Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder into Adulthood
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Bloch, Michael H.; Sukhodolsky, Denis G.; Dombrowski, Philip A.; Panza, Kaitlyn E.; Craiglow, Brittany G.; Landeros-Weisenberger, Angeli; Leckman, James F.; Peterson, Bradley S.; Schultz, Robert T. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2011
Background: Half of pediatric-onset OCD cases remit by adulthood. Studies have demonstrated that initial response to pharmacotherapy, age of onset, prominent hoarding symptoms, and the presence of comorbid tic disorders are associated with long-term outcome. Our goal was to examine the association between childhood performance on…
Descriptors: Anxiety Disorders, Intelligence, Persistence, Children
Are the Cognitive Functions of Children with Down Syndrome Related to Their Participation?
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Rihtman, Tanya; Tekuzener, Esti; Parush, Shula; Tenenbaum, Alex; Bachrach, Steven J.; Ornoy, Asher – Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 2010
Aim: There is a lack of investigation into the functional developmental profile of children with Down syndrome. On the basis of current international health paradigms, the purpose of this study was to assess the developmental profile of these children. Method: Sixty children (33 males, 27 females) with Down syndrome (age range 6-16y; mean age 9y…
Descriptors: Intervention, Down Syndrome, Intelligence Quotient, Short Term Memory
An Extra X or Y Chromosome: Contrasting the Cognitive and Motor Phenotypes in Childhood in Boys with 47,XYY Syndrome or 47,XXY Klinefelter Syndrome
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Ross, Judith L.; Zeger, Martha P. D.; Kushner, Harvey; Zinn, Andrew R.; Roeltgen, David P. – Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 2009
Objective: The goal of this study was to contrast the cognitive phenotypes in boys with 47,XYY (XYY) karyotype and boys with 47,XXY karyotype [Klinefelter syndrome, (KS)], who share an extra copy of the X-Y pseudoautosomal region but differ in their dosage of strictly sex-linked genes. Methods: Neuropsychological evaluation of general cognitive…
Descriptors: Genetic Disorders, Males, Sex, Genetics