The current review is concerned with an information processing model used in science education. The purpose is to summarise the current theoretical understanding, in published research, of a number of factors that are known to influence learning and achievement. These include field independence, working memory, long-term memory, and the use of…

Rod-and-frame test data of undergraduates were subjected to pattern analysis, which showed that most tilt toward the spatial position of the frame, while some utilize two frame cues, i.e., the nearest to vertical side and corner of the frame. Other interpretations of performance were not supported by results. (Author/RD)

A general method for identifying the separate components of the Rod-and-Frame Test consists of correlating theoretical patterns of scores with obtained test scores of single subjects. The correlation test calculates probability values from the test data. In this way, fit can be determined between theoretical pattern and test scores. (Author/BW)

Adults took the Rod and Frame, Portable Rod and Frame, and Embedded Figures Tests. Absolute and algebraic frame-effect scores were more reliable and valid than rod-effect algebraic scores. Correlations with the Embedded Figures Test were so low that the interchangeability of these field articulation measures is questionable. (Author/RD)

Cognitive styles characterize individuals' personalities as well as their social and cognitive functioning. An assessment of cognitive style can present another dimension of individual differences in children as the basis for planning and evaluating early childhood programs. (Author/LC)

Right-handed sixth graders were administered the WISC Block Design and verbal and nonverbal versions of the Rod-and-Frame Test (RFT), measuring field dependence/independence. Results seemed to reflect a right hemisphere processing for the nonverbal RFT and a possible sex bias against girls in its traditional verbal administration. (Author/SJL)