Increasing physical activity among America's youth is critical in helping to combat chronic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. Therefore, finding the right sporting activities for the youth is important, as is making appropriate biomechanical adjustments or behavior modifications that create a safer means of participation. In this article, the…

Analysis of head injuries and total injuries resulting from bicycle crashes among members of a health maintenance organization. Injuries per 100,000 population, per 100 miles ridden, and according to season and day of the week are reported. Individuals between 5 and 14 are at highest risk. The data can be used in community bicycle helmet campaigns…

Sport and recreational activity is a vital part of today's society, and athletic training researchers are playing an important role in gaining a better understanding of how to promote safe and healthy participation for athletes of all ages. This article aims to illustrate the importance of research to prevent and effectively treat sport and…

Cohesion strategies used by three normal and three head-injured adults were examined in both conversational and narrative conditions. Head-injured subjects used different cohesion patterns than normal adults in both conditions; and both groups used different cohesion patterns in the conversational and narrative conditions. (Author/DB)

Surveys empirical literature pertaining to phobias of blood, injury, or illness (BII); defines BII phobia as selectively associated with vasovagal fainting response upon exposure to phobic stimuli. Presents clinical, demographic, and etiological information from 15 BII phobics and suggests that BII phobia warrants diagnostic category separate from…

Two studies examined the ability to assign thematic roles and to coindex referentially dependent noun phrases in closed head injured adults (N=20), adult stroke patients (N=20), and normal adults (N=20). Results suggested that syntactic comprehension disturbances are similar following left cerebral hemisphere infarction and closed head injury.…

This study compared the neurological state and results of treatment for patients with traumatic spinal cord injury who were intoxicated (n=424) or sober (n=769) on admission to a Warsaw (Poland) hospital. In the intoxicated group, the number of patients with symptoms of complete spinal cord injury was much greater than that of the sober group. (DB)

The article discusses research on the chronic emotional, social, and physical changes associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI) as it relates to the planning and effective management of TBI patients' behavioral and social problems. At five years post-trauma most of 39 patients followed were still socially dysfunctional in one or more ways.…

This study developed a multidimensional topic analysis sensitive to patterns in topic management appropriate for use with head-injured adults. Language samples of a closed-head-injured adult and a matched normal adult were compared. Results demonstrated the analysis' potential to reliably identify, quantify, and describe differences between…

Describes pilot studies of the Edinburgh Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (EEGOS), designed to retain the advantages of the GOS (a measure commonly used in head injury research) but to allow comparison of recovery patterns in behavioral, cognitive, and physical function. Studies show that the interrater reliability of the EEGOS is comparable to that…

The paper reviews the epidemiology of pediatric closed head injury. Incidence rates, etiologic/pathophysiologic correlates, and associated risk factors are discussed. Suggestions offered for future research concern relationships among age, etiology, and pathophysiology in outcome studies and premorbid measures of personality/intellectual…

Studied eight matched men's and women's intercollegiate teams for one year to determine the incidence of athletic injury and disability. Found no gender differences except in gymnastics, in which certain events may account for the greater rate of injuries and longer recovery time among female subjects. (DM)

Thirty adults either with or without traumatic brain injury (TBI) listened to narratives, made delayed predictions of recall, and took a delayed recall test. Narrative questions differed by salience and explicitness. Although TBI survivors recalled less than control participants regardless of question type, there were no differences in predictive…

The study provides descriptive data on use of the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Ability with 39 adults with closed head injury. Correlational analyses indicated significant relationships between coma duration and performance on the Perceptual Speed and Memory clusters of the test. Time since injury did not correlate with test results.…

This article addresses the theoretical rationale for treatment of slow-to-recover (STR) head-injury survivors with sensory stimulation programs. Evidence from four areas (sensory deprivation, enriched environments, nervous system plasticity, and sensitive periods of neurodevelopment) suggests that sensory stimulation programs are potentially…