Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the experiences of working women in a male-dominated country (Morocco) and unveil the unique challenges and everyday gender-bias they face, the psychological impact of the perceived gender-bias and, finally, identify a variety of coping strategies or combatting mechanisms affecting their motivation…

Traces perspectives on gender and gender discrimination over the last several decades, as they affect schools and English classrooms. Discusses feminism/feminisms, "add women and stir," sex differences, resistance and backlash, intersections of identity categories, and multiculturalism. Argues that English teachers can be powerful agents in the…

Examines effects of Title IX and Title II on female enrollment in vocational education. Analyzes enrollment data for occupationally specific programs and discusses implications under five headings: the importance of being prepared to work, the feminization of poverty, types of work for women, the importance of labels, and the importance of career…

Develops empirically testable model applying Blumberg's general theory of gender stratification to the contemporary American heterosexual couple. Proposes a scheme for measuring marital economic power that incorporates "discount factors" at the macro and micro level which affect the overall economic power balance, resulting in "net economic…

Experiment to determine if mental health professionals (MHP) suppress gender bias if they know that is what is being evaluated indicated they do not. Differences in response from male and female MHPs were noted, although analysis of female pseudopatients was not harsher than analysis of male pseudopatients. (PS)

Discusses case in which four-year-old boy displaying extreme girl-stereotyped mannerisms and playing behaviors extended his repertoire of alternative behaviors through self and peer modeling in which the subject observed brief edited videotapes of himself and another boy engaged in playing behaviors that were not girl-stereotyped. (CMG)

Evidence that opinion in favor of working women was actively solicited in the 1940s and intentionally discouraged in the 1970s illustrates the argument that polls and surveys are used to shape, as well as measure, public opinion. Respondents should be given adequate alternatives through which to express their opinions. (Author/GC)

Presents a theory of mechanisms sustaining and reproducing systems of gender stratification, central amongst which is gender division of labor, within both the family and the wider society. Asserts men create dominant social functions which contribute further to gender stratification. Maintains women then choose that which they would otherwise be…

Research on the evaluation of eminent academic women supports the hypothesis that typical responses (of men, primarily) to competent women include prejudice, stereotyped beliefs, and overt or subtle discrimination. A competent woman is most likely to be devalued when potential consequences exist for the evaluator and when the woman is unfamiliar.…

To explore the gendered construction of educational management, this article utilizes Joan Scott's (1986) analytic model, which distinguishes gender as sexual difference, and deconstructs two dominant metaphors to expose gendered assumptions in alternative images of leadership. The metaphors are gender-specific (leader as mother) and…

Describes the stratification position of women as generally more complex than that of men, because of class distinction of organizational power. Asserts that many women, in presenting the front-stage image of an organization, in performing considerable surplus domestic labor, and in employment and leisure activities, are involved primarily in…

Reviews recent court cases regarding differential treatment of men and women in pension programs. Predicts that TIAA-CREF (Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association and College Retirement Equities Fund) will soon convert to unisex tables in calculating retirement benefits on future contributions to the fund. (GC)

Reviews and critiques the research and theory on sex, gender roles, and the process of therapy. Offers a new paradigm through which to view and conduct this research. Suggests a number of potentially fruitful directions for future research. (Author/ABL)

Describes Super's construct of role salience and recent literature on gender issues in multiple roles that supports wisdom of his basic ideas. Notes that gender influences how individuals perceive various roles, role priorities and involvement over time, and role juggling during adulthood. Reminds counselors to explore clients' own life meanings…

Discusses differences between girls and boys, focusing on pitfalls and perils specific to each gender, offering research on differences in their development and educational experiences, explaining how the different sexes self-blame, and noting good news for girls related to equal educational opportunities. The paper concludes that the problems of…