On balance and buzzer tasks, different developmental trends were found for recall of covariance ideas than for recall of explanation ideas. There were developmental increases in the frequency of "if" and "because" statements used to describe causal sequences. Third- and fifth-graders systematically paired "if" with…

Examined whether superior mathematics performance of students from Japan, Korea, and China may be due, in part, to differences in cognitive representation of number affected by Asian language features. Results suggested that the unique characteristics of the Asian number language system may facilitate the teaching and learning of mathematics,…

A study of German-speaking kindergartners and adults replicated Canadian research that found that, although children made more errors than adults in recognizing emotional expressions of photographed faces, they structured emotional concepts just as adults did. (Author/BB)