Presents a new procedure for comparing the results of linear and equipercentile equating methods. The new method calculates the expected degree of efficiency in equating that can be achieved by linear equating based on the moments of the two relevant distributions. (RB)

Three potential models for the 2 X 2 contingency table are discussed: (1) the hypergeometric Independence Trial; (2) the double-binomial Comparative Trial; and (3) the multinomial Double Dichotomy Trial. Subsequently, the critical regions of seven statistical tests are evaluated within each of these models. (TJH)

Estimation of the parameters of the Rasch model is considered when both the item parameters and the ability parameters are considered random quantities. (RB)

This comment is intended to complement points made by Freedman in his critique of the path analysis method. The role of statistical analysis in social sciences is also discussed. (RB)

Two multinomial random sociometric voting models are presented to study the critical number of votes that can occur under peer voting schemes. Empirical evidence for the convergence of the models is presented to simplify calculating critical values of sociometric frequencies attributed in classroom groups which vary in size. (Author/BW)

This article examines the affect of misfit on methods to minimize the inaccuracy of the Item Response Theory (IRT). Three of the most commonly used IRT models were fit in this simulation. (RB)

Comment agrees with Freedman's criticism of the path analysis model for studying education and social stratification. The model makes assumptions about how data are generated that are generally false. (RB)

The use of a quasi-equiprobability model in the measurement of observer agreement involving dichotomous coding categories is described. A measure of agreement is presented which gives the probability of agreement under the assumption that observation pairs reflecting disagreement will be equally probable. (Author/JKS)

Means of identifying sources of rejection of hypotheses regarding linear multivariate statistical models are discussed. Problems with the use of a global test using Roy's largest root criterion and means of solving them are presented, along with a practical application of the techniques. (TJH)

The structure of information matrices in latent-variable models is explicated, and the degree to which missing information can be recovered by exploring collateral variables for respondents is characterized. Results are illustrated in the context of item-response-theory models, and practical implications are discussed. (SLD)

Simulated data based on five test score distributions indicate that a slight modification of the asymptotic normal theory for the estimation of the p and kappa indices in mastery testing will provide results which are in close agreement with those based on small samples from the beta-binomial distribution. (Author/BW)

Manifest discrete time and latent Markov chain models are described, and the results given by each are compared for the re-analysis of a three-wave table of repeated behavior ratings of children. More recent developments in latent discrete time Markov chain modeling address the problems of the table more efficiently. (SLD)

Eight models that can be used to analyze data from a pretest-posttest design are discussed. Artificial data are used to demonstrate that comparisons among some of the models generate results identical to those obtained by using repeated analysis of variance measures. Such results are shown to be potentially misleading. (Author/TJH)

Explains two methods of systems analysis: the Fix-Point (FP) and the Partial Least Squares (PLS). Argues against Freedman's rejection of the structural assumptions of path analysis models. (RB)

Freedman responds to a series of articles commenting on his critique of the path analysis model. The focus of this rejoinder is the assumptions made by researchers who use the path analysis method, particularly the assumption that the equations in path analysis are structural. (RB)