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Bulgarelli, Federica; Weiss, Daniel J. – Language Learning, 2021
Contending with talker variability has been found to lead to processing costs but also benefits by focusing learners on invariant properties of the signal, indicating that talker variability acts as a desirable difficulty. That is, talker variability may lead to initial costs followed by long-term benefits for retention and generalization. Adult…
Descriptors: Speech, Adults, Grammar, Learning Processes
Erdin Mujezinovic; Vsevolod Kapatsinski; Ruben van de Vijver – Cognitive Science, 2024
A word often expresses many different morphological functions. Which part of a word contributes to which part of the overall meaning is not always clear, which raises the question as to how such functions are learned. While linguistic studies tacitly assume the co-occurrence of cues and outcomes to suffice in learning these functions (Baer-Henney,…
Descriptors: Morphology (Languages), Phonology, Morphemes, Cues
Aislinn Keogh; Simon Kirby; Jennifer Culbertson – Cognitive Science, 2024
General principles of human cognition can help to explain why languages are more likely to have certain characteristics than others: structures that are difficult to process or produce will tend to be lost over time. One aspect of cognition that is implicated in language use is working memory--the component of short-term memory used for temporary…
Descriptors: Language Variation, Learning Processes, Short Term Memory, Schemata (Cognition)
Do, Youngah; Mooney, Shannon – Journal of Child Language, 2022
This article examines whether children alter a variable phonological pattern in an artificial language towards a phonetically-natural form. We address acquisition of a variable rounding harmony pattern through the use of two artificial languages; one with dominant harmony pattern, and another with dominant non-harmony pattern. Overall, children…
Descriptors: Language Variation, Vowels, Phonology, Learning Processes
Jonathan Serfaty; Raquel Serrano – Language Learning, 2024
This study investigated how much practice is necessary for learners to attain durable second language (L2) grammar knowledge. Using digital flashcards, 119 participants practiced translating 12 sentences into an artificial language, followed by feedback, until they had typed all sentences correctly. Participants repeated this activity in one, two,…
Descriptors: Grammar, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Translation
Li, Daoxin; Schuler, Kathryn D. – Language Acquisition: A Journal of Developmental Linguistics, 2023
Languages differ regarding the depth, structure, and syntactic domains of recursive structures. Even within a single language, some structures allow infinite self-embedding while others are more restricted. For example, when expressing ownership relation, English allows infinite embedding of the prenominal genitive "-s," whereas the…
Descriptors: Language Acquisition, Linguistic Input, Artificial Languages, Learning Processes
Havron, Naomi; Arnon, Inbal – Journal of Child Language, 2021
Multiword units play an important role in language learning and use. It was proposed that learning from such units can facilitate mastery of certain grammatical relations, and that children and adults differ in their use of multiword units during learning, contributing to their varying language-learning trajectories. Accordingly, adults learn…
Descriptors: Language Acquisition, Phrase Structure, Grammar, Form Classes (Languages)
Gillis, Jasmine Urquhart; Gul, Asiya; Fox, Annie; Parikh, Aditi; Arbel, Yael – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2022
Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate implicit learning in children with developmental language disorder (DLD) by employing a visual artificial grammar learning task. Method: Thirteen children with DLD and 24 children with typical language development between the ages of 8 and 12 years completed a visual artificial grammar learning…
Descriptors: Grammar, Artificial Languages, Language Impairments, Decision Making
Poletiek, Fenna H.; Conway, Christopher M.; Ellefson, Michelle R.; Lai, Jun; Bocanegra, Bruno R.; Christiansen, Morten H. – Cognitive Science, 2018
It has been suggested that external and/or internal limitations paradoxically may lead to superior learning, that is, the concepts of "starting small" and "less is more" (Elman, 1993; Newport, 1990). In this paper, we explore the type of incremental ordering during training that might help learning, and what mechanism explains…
Descriptors: Grammar, Artificial Languages, Learning Processes, Teaching Methods
Rodríguez-Cuadrado, Sara; Ojedo, Fernando; Vicente-Conesa, Francisco; Romero-Rivas, Carlos; Sampedro, Miguel Ángel Carlos; Santiago, Julio – Second Language Research, 2023
Several studies have explored the use of iconic gestures to improve the learning of foreign vocabulary. In this quest, words for abstract concepts have been largely neglected, under the assumption that abstract concepts have poor or non-existent sensory-motor representations. Yet, the Conceptual Metaphor Theory suggests that they are grounded on…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Sign Language, Foreign Countries
Prince, Jon B.; Stevens, Catherine J.; Jones, Mari Riess; Tillmann, Barbara – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Despite the empirical evidence for the power of the cognitive capacity of implicit learning of structures and regularities in several modalities and materials, it remains controversial whether implicit learning extends to the learning of temporal structures and regularities. We investigated whether (a) an artificial grammar can be learned equally…
Descriptors: Intonation, Suprasegmentals, Grammar, Task Analysis
Crespo, Kimberly; Kaushanskaya, Margarita – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2022
Purpose: The current study examined the role of attention and language ability in nonverbal rule induction performance in a demographically diverse sample of school-age children. Method: The participants included 43 English-speaking monolingual and 65 Spanish-English bilingual children between the ages of 5 and 9 years. Core Language Index…
Descriptors: Role, Learning Processes, Attention Control, Language Skills
Mansfield, John; Saldana, Carmen; Hurst, Peter; Nordlinger, Rachel; Stoll, Sabine; Bickel, Balthasar; Perfors, Andrew – Cognitive Science, 2022
Inflectional affixes expressing the same grammatical category (e.g., subject agreement) tend to appear in the same morphological position in the word. We hypothesize that this cross-linguistic tendency toward "category clustering" is at least partly the result of a learning bias, which facilitates the transmission of morphology from one…
Descriptors: Morphology (Languages), Morphemes, Grammar, Transfer of Training
Katz, Jonah; Moore, Michelle W. – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2021
Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of specific acoustic patterns on word learning and segmentation in 8- to 11-year-old children and in college students. Method: Twenty-two children (ages 8;2-11;4 [years;months]) and 36 college students listened to synthesized "utterances" in artificial languages consisting of…
Descriptors: Phonetics, Child Language, Children, College Students
Fukuta, Junya; Yamashita, Junko – Second Language Research, 2023
This study investigates how implicit and explicit learning and knowledge are associated, by focusing on the salience of target form--meaning connections. The participants were engaged in incidental learning of artificial determiner systems that included grammatical rules of [± plural] (a taught rule), [± actor] (a more salient hidden rule), and [±…
Descriptors: Learning Processes, Grammar, Incidental Learning, Task Analysis