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Fuchs, Jason R.; Robinson, Gain M.; Dean, Aaron M.; Schoenberg, Heidi E.; Williams, Michael R.; Morielli, Anthony D.; Green, John T. – Learning & Memory, 2014
We have previously shown that intracerebellar infusion of the neuropeptide secretin enhances the acquisition phase of eyeblink conditioning (EBC). Here, we sought to test whether endogenous secretin also regulates EBC and to test whether the effect of exogenous and endogenous secretin is specific to acquisition. In Experiment 1, rats received…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Neurological Organization, Animals, Behavioral Science Research
Marter, Kathrin; Grauel, M. Katharina; Lewa, Carmen; Morgenstern, Laura; Buckemüller, Christina; Heufelder, Karin; Ganz, Marion; Eisenhardt, Dorothea – Learning & Memory, 2014
This study examines the role of stimulus duration in learning and memory formation of honeybees ("Apis mellifera"). In classical appetitive conditioning honeybees learn the association between an initially neutral, conditioned stimulus (CS) and the occurrence of a meaningful stimulus, the unconditioned stimulus (US). Thereby the CS…
Descriptors: Learning Processes, Memory, Classical Conditioning, Associative Learning
Walker, Jennifer M.; Ramsey, Ashley K.; Fowler, Stephanie W.; Schachtman, Todd R. – Psychological Record, 2012
Previous research has found that swim stress during a classical conditioning trial attenuates conditioned taste aversion (CTA). In the current study, rats were used to examine the effects of inescapable swim stress on the habituation of neophobia to a flavored solution and reacquisition of an extinguished conditioned taste aversion. In Experiment…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Animals, Animal Behavior, Behavioral Science Research
Podlesnik, Christopher A.; Bai, John Y. H.; Elliffe, Douglas – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2012
Reinforcing an alternative response in the same context as a target response reduces the rate of occurrence but increases the persistence of that target response. Applied researchers who use such techniques to decrease the rate of a target problem behavior risk inadvertently increasing the persistence of the same problem behavior. Behavioral…
Descriptors: Persistence, Behavior Problems, Reinforcement, Classical Conditioning
Winterbauer, Neil E.; Bouton, Mark E. – Learning and Motivation, 2011
Three experiments with rat subjects examined resurgence of an extinguished instrumental response using the procedure introduced by Epstein (1983) with pigeons. There were three phases: (1) initial acquisition of pressing on a lever (L1) for pellet reward, (2) extinction of L1, and (3) a test session in which a second lever (L2) was inserted,…
Descriptors: Rewards, Experimental Psychology, Animals, Laboratory Experiments
Capaldi, E. J.; Martins, Ana; Miller, Ronald M. – Learning and Motivation, 2007
Rats in a Pavlovian situation were trained under three different reward schedules, at either a 30 s or a 90 s intertrial interval (ITI): Consistent reward (C), 50% irregular reward (I), and single alternation of reward and nonrewarded trials (SA). Activity was recorded to the conditioned stimulus (CS) and in all 10 s bins in each ITI except the…
Descriptors: Rewards, Intervals, Cues, Classical Conditioning
Weinberger, Norman M. – Learning & Memory, 2007
Historically, sensory systems have been largely ignored as potential loci of information storage in the neurobiology of learning and memory. They continued to be relegated to the role of "sensory analyzers" despite consistent findings of associatively induced enhancement of responses in primary sensory cortices to behaviorally important signal…
Descriptors: Memory, Experimental Psychology, Classical Conditioning, Brain
Cheng, Jingjun; Feenstra, Matthijs G. P. – Learning & Memory, 2006
Combined activation of dopamine D1- and NMDA-glutamate receptors in the nucleus accumbens has been strongly implicated in instrumental learning, the process in which an individual learns that a specific action has a wanted outcome. To assess dopaminergic activity, we presented rats with two sessions (30 trials each) of a one-lever appetitive…
Descriptors: Rewards, Biochemistry, Nonverbal Learning, Animals
Pinkston, Jonathan W.; Branch, Marc N. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2004
Effects of repeated administration of cocaine to animals behaving under operant contingencies have depended on when the drug is given. Moderate doses given presession have generally led to a decrease in the drug's effect, an outcome usually referred to as tolerance. When these same doses have been given after sessions, the usual result has been no…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Classical Conditioning, Multivariate Analysis, Cocaine
Murschall, Anja; Hauber, Wolfgang – Learning & Memory, 2006
Pavlovian stimuli can markedly elevate instrumental responding, an effect known as Pavlovian-instrumental transfer (PIT). As the role of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in PIT is yet unknown, we examined the effects of transient VTA inactivation by direct microinjections of a mixture of the GABA[subscript A] and GABA[subscript B] receptor…
Descriptors: Auditory Stimuli, Neurological Organization, Behavioral Science Research, Animals
McNally, Gavan P.; Westbrook, R. Frederick – Learning & Memory, 2006
The ability to detect and learn about the predictive relations existing between events in the world is essential for adaptive behavior. It allows us to use past events to predict the future and to adjust our behavior accordingly. Pavlovian fear conditioning allows anticipation of sources of danger in the environment. It guides attention away from…
Descriptors: Fear, Anxiety, Animals, Nonverbal Learning
Thompson, Richard F.; Robleto, Karla; Poulos, Andrew M. – Learning & Memory, 2004
It is well established that the cerebellum and its associated circuitry are essential for classical conditioning of the eyeblink response and other discrete motor responses (e.g., limb flexion, head turn, etc.) learned with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US). However, brain mechanisms underlying extinction of these responses are still…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Neurological Organization, Perceptual Motor Learning, Behavioral Science Research
Mauk, Michael D.; Ohyama, Tatsuya – Learning & Memory, 2004
Like many forms of Pavlovian conditioning, eyelid conditioning displays robust extinction. We used a computer simulation of the cerebellum as a tool to consider the widely accepted view that extinction involves new, inhibitory learning rather than unlearning of acquisition. Previously, this simulation suggested basic mechanistic features of…
Descriptors: Learning Processes, Neurological Impairments, Eye Movements, Behavioral Science Research
Rhodes, Sarah E. V.; Kilcross, Simon – Learning & Memory, 2004
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) has a well-established role in the inhibition of inappropriate responding, and evidence suggests that the infralimbic (IL) region of the rat medial PFC (MPFC) may be involved in some aspects of extinction of conditioned fear. MPFC lesions including, but not those sparing the IL cortex increase spontaneous recovery of…
Descriptors: Neurological Impairments, Neurological Organization, Brain, Behavioral Science Research