Examines the use of the dap in the military between 1960 and 1976 and concludes that, beyond being a ritualistic handshake, it served as a symbol of Black opposition to White racism, a sign of Black identity, and a symbol of Black unity. (JMF)

Relates the emergence of Black Studies programs in the 1960s to the interest of American Blacks in the African independence struggles. Observes a shift in Black Studies away from the militancy of its origins and calls for reconsideration of its purpose. Reviews related literature. (KH)

Describes the perceived failure of integration and the growing number of black Americans who are looking at the world from an African perspective instead of from the European-centered perspective that dominates American culture. The article explains Afrocentrism's appeal in giving Blacks an ideological unity, not just on color but as an expression…

Discusses the lack of reliable instruments for studying African American behavior and psychological functioning as a technical and philosophical flaw in Western psychology. Surveys the development of Africentric theory-based assessment instruments and presents the African Self-Consciousness Scale, a 42-item personalilty questionnaire designed to…

Tested the assumption that a discriminatory pattern of appeal exists within an ethnic group, using a sample of 277 Black students. Results showed a definite preference pattern which revealed ethnic distance hierarchy, except for freshmen female students who also were less liberal in their preference of skin color. (JAC)

To determine whether African Americans' public opinion is heterogeneous because of the role of factors (such as education) in the opinion formation process, data from the National Opinion Research Center's 1982 General Social Survey were examined. Significant differences exist along educational lines, and African Americans are not politically…