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Direct linkBrowder, Diane M.; Flowers, Claudia; Wakeman, Shawnee Y. – Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 2008
This study empirically evaluated a classification schema based on symbolic communication level use with students with significant cognitive disabilities. Ninety-five teachers of students with significant disabilities rated students' level of performance on 10 academic tasks. Cluster analysis suggested a range of two to four clusters solutions.…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Expectation, Alternative Assessment, Disabilities
Peer reviewedLloyd, Lyle L.; Fuller, Donald R. – Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 1986
The article reviews augmentative and alternative communication symbol classifications reported in the literature over the past decade. The "aided/unaided" dichotomy (based on user production of the symbol) is proposed as the superordinate level of classification, rather than the "static/dynamic" (based on transmission of…
Descriptors: Braille, Classification, Communication Disorders, Hearing Impairments
Peer reviewedWilkinson, Krista M.; McIlvane, William J. – Developmental Review, 2001
Describes a methodology that may offer an operationalized model that allows empirical analysis of paired associate versus symbolic learning. Presents an operational definition of the phenomenon in question and why it might be useful to model the phenomenon. Illustrates distinct advantages offered within this approach to scholars interested in…
Descriptors: Child Behavior, Child Development, Children, Classification
Abkarian, G. G. – Journal of Childhood Communication Disorders, 1986
Eighty unimpaired adults took the iconic-symbolic (I-S) subtest of the Muma Assessment Program under traditional protocols and revised instructions like those used in classic studies of classification ability. Only 18 functioned at the symbolic level as defined by the protocols; revised instructions more frequently evoked the expected symbolic…
Descriptors: Adults, Classification, Cognitive Development, Developmental Stages
Zender, Mike; Crutcher, Keith A. – Visible Language, 2007
The accelerating rate of data generation and resulting publications are taxing the ability of scientific investigators to stay current with the emerging literature. This problem, acute in science, is not uncommon in other areas. New approaches to managing this explosion of information are needed. While it is only possible to read one paper or…
Descriptors: Alzheimers Disease, Pathology, Scientific Concepts, Research Methodology
