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Younger, Barbara A.; Johnson, Kathy E. – Child Development, 2006
Previous research suggests that model competence does not emerge until relatively late in infancy (20-26 months). Development was systematically analyzed within 3 key areas--count noun learning, dual representation, and categorization--hypothesized to support the emergence of model competence in the second year. In an object-handling preferential…
Descriptors: Infants, Models, Concept Formation, Visual Discrimination
Gellatly, Angus; Pilling, Michael; Cole, Geoff; Skarratt, Paul – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2006
Object substitution masking (OSM) is said to occur when a perceptual object is hypothesized that is mismatched by subsequent sensory evidence, leading to a new hypothesized object being substituted for the first. For example, when a brief target is accompanied by a longer lasting display of nonoverlapping mask elements, reporting of target…
Descriptors: Concept Formation, Perceptual Development, Dimensional Preference, Visual Perception
Dalgleish, Tim – Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2005
D. Algom, E. Chajut, and S. Lev presented a series of definitional, conceptual, and empirical arguments in support of their conclusion that the classic and emotional Stroop effects are, in their words, "unrelated phenomena" (p. 336), such that the term emotional Stroop effect is a misnomer in reference to the relatively greater interference in ink…
Descriptors: Visual Discrimination, Color, Concept Formation, Experimental Psychology

Sorce, James F. – Journal of Genetic Psychology, 1980
This study investigated whether object-picture discrepancy occurs because preschool children regard pictures as significates rather than as signifiers. Results indicated the children did not consistently respond to objects and their pictorial representations equivalently. (Author/DB)
Descriptors: Concept Formation, Perceptual Development, Preschool Children, Semiotics

Bjorklund, David F. – International Journal of Behavioral Development, 1980
Second-, third-, and sixth-grade children (N=48) were presented sets of categorically-related pictures, were either prompted or not prompted to identify categories and later asked to recall categories. Recall time for second- and third-grade prompted children was significantly less than for nonprompted peers. No differences were found with sixth…
Descriptors: Children, Classification, Cognitive Development, Concept Formation

Robinson, Elizabeth J.; And Others – Cognitive Development, 1994
Five investigations examined three- and four-year olds' conceptions of the relationship between pictures and their referents. Results indicated that preschool children have difficulty holding in mind the distinct properties of picture and real referent, just as they tend to confuse the literal and intended meanings of utterances. (TJQ)
Descriptors: Concept Formation, Discrimination Learning, Early Childhood Education, Phenomenology

Groenveld, M.; And Others – Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 1990
This article discusses the increasing incidence of cortical visual impairments, resulting from medical advancements making possible the survival of critically ill children with severe brain damage. Discussed are the prevalence of multiple handicaps, formation of visual concepts, foreground/background distinction, potential for mainstreaming, use…
Descriptors: Concept Formation, Elementary Secondary Education, Incidence, Mainstreaming

Thomas, Glyn V.; And Others – Cognitive Development, 1994
Noting that children who can easily categorize a picture in terms of what it depicts may have difficulty understanding the picture as a representation or thing in itself, four experiments with children around four years old examined their responses to pictures as things in themselves. Results showed that some children had difficulty understanding…
Descriptors: Concept Formation, Discrimination Learning, Early Childhood Education, Phenomenology

Taylor, Marjorie; Bacharach, Verne R. – Child Development, 1981
Preschool children were asked to choose the figure most resembling a real man from three figures drawn according to formulas used by children to depict humans. Results suggest development of drawing systems influences children's conceptions about objects or events. (Author/DB)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Style, Concept Formation

Quinn, Paul C.; Eimas, Peter D. – Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 1986
Reviews the research literature on the abilities of infants to categorize visual information on dot patterns; schematic faces; hue; and orientation. (HOD)
Descriptors: Classification, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Psychology

Goldfield, Eugene C.; Dickerson, Donald J. – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1981
Infants 8.5 and 9.5 months of age were tested for ability to determine the location of an object hidden in one of two covered containers before their left-right positions were reversed. Only the older infants provided with different colored covers to their containers were able to do this task. (Author/DB)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Cognitive Processes, Concept Formation, Cues

Theios, John; Amrhein, Paul C. – Psychological Review, 1989
A theory for the visual and cognitive processing, which accounts for slower naming of pictures than reading of words, is introduced. Two experiments assessed the differences distinguishing word reading and picture naming, using 58 undergraduates. The coding of the mind is neither intrinsically linguistic nor imagistic; it is abstract. (TJH)
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Cognitive Processes, Concept Formation, Experimental Psychology

Haywood, H. Carl, Ed. – Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 1980
Eleven papers comprise the special issue on learning disabilities and deal with definition, prevalence, promising research strategies, and potentially effective educational treatments oriented toward the processes of thought and the "learning to learn" strategy. (DB)
Descriptors: Attention, Cognitive Development, Concept Formation, Definitions
Ghosh, Natasha; Lea, S. E. G.; Noury, Malia – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2004
Two experiments examined pigeons' generalization to intermediate forms following training of concept discriminations. In Experiment 1, the training stimuli were sets of images of dogs and cats, and the transfer stimuli were head/body chimeras, which humans tend to categorize more readily in terms of the head part rather than the body part. In…
Descriptors: Animals, Animal Behavior, Behavioral Science Research, Generalization