The late Ottoman education policy implemented curriculum reforms adding science courses reduced to school children level. The modern science was popularised by supplementing public education with the new courses. Textbooks with illustrations efficiently introduced children to European material improvements and icons of progress. Between the years…

Examines problems of curricular inclusion, emphasizing ways of including the interests and contributions of women in social studies curricula. After describing the inadequacy of the "add women and stir" approach to inclusion, the paper discusses the tradition of care long identified with female life, then explores ways to preserve and…