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John N. Williams; Yuyan Xue – Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 2024
Is it possible to acquire a sensitivity to a regularity in language without intending to and without awareness of what it is? In this conceptual replication and extension of an earlier study (Williams, 2005) participants were trained on a semiartificial language in which determiner choice was dependent on noun animacy. Participants who did not…
Descriptors: Language Acquisition, Artificial Languages, Intuition, Nouns
Jorge González Alonso; Pablo Bernabeu; Gabriella Silva; Vincent DeLuca; Claudia Poch; Iva Ivanova; Jason Rothman – International Journal of Multilingualism, 2025
The burgeoning field of third language (L3) acquisition has increasingly focused on intermediate stages of language development, aiming to establish the groundwork for comprehensive models of L3 learning that encompass the entire developmental sequence. This article underscores the importance of a robust epistemological foundation, advocating for…
Descriptors: Multilingualism, Artificial Languages, Second Language Learning, Individual Differences
Bovolenta, Giulia; Williams, John N. – Language Learning, 2023
Second language implicit learning research has shown that a variety of linguistic features can be acquired without awareness. However, this research overwhelmingly uses comprehension tests to measure implicit learning. It remains unclear whether newly acquired implicit knowledge can also be recruited for production. To address this question, we…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Cues, Recall (Psychology)
Walker, Neil; Monaghan, Padraic; Schoetensack, Christine; Rebuschat, Patrick – Language Learning, 2020
Learning language requires acquiring the grammatical categories of words in the language, but learning those categories requires understanding the role of words in the syntax. In this study, we examined how this chicken and egg problem is resolved by learners of an artificial language comprising nouns, verbs, adjectives, and case markers following…
Descriptors: Syntax, Grammar, Vocabulary Development, Nouns
Tsui, Angeline Sin Mei; Erickson, Lucy C.; Mallikarjunn, Amritha; Thiessen, Erik D.; Fennell, Christopher T. – Developmental Science, 2021
Infants are sensitive to syllable co-occurrence probabilities when segmenting words from fluent speech. However, segmenting two languages overlapping at the syllabic level is challenging because the statistical cues across the languages are incongruent. Successful segmentation, thus, relies on infants' ability to separate language inputs and track…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Infants, Syllables, Language Processing
Erin Conwell; Jesse Snedeker – Language Learning and Development, 2024
Natural languages contain systematic relationships between verb meaning and verb argument structure. Artificial language learning studies typically remove those relationships and instead pair verb meanings randomly with structures. Adult participants in such studies can detect statistical regularities associated with words in these languages and…
Descriptors: Semantics, Cues, Verbs, Adults
Barrios, Shannon L.; Rodriguez, Joselyn M.; Barriuso, Taylor Anne – Second Language Research, 2023
Adult learners acquire second language (L2) allophones with experience. We examine two mechanisms which may support the acquisition of allophonic variants in second language acquisition. One of the mechanisms is based on the distribution of phones with respect to their phonological context (i.e. phonological distribution). The other is based on…
Descriptors: Language Variation, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Phonology
Muylle, Merel; Bernolet, Sarah; Hartsuiker, Robert J. – Language Learning, 2020
Several studies found cross-linguistic structural priming with various language combinations. Here, we investigated the role of two important domains of language variation: case marking and word order, for transitive and ditransitive structures. We varied these features in an artificial language learning paradigm, using three different artificial…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Priming, Language Processing, Language Variation
Prince, Jon B.; Stevens, Catherine J.; Jones, Mari Riess; Tillmann, Barbara – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Despite the empirical evidence for the power of the cognitive capacity of implicit learning of structures and regularities in several modalities and materials, it remains controversial whether implicit learning extends to the learning of temporal structures and regularities. We investigated whether (a) an artificial grammar can be learned equally…
Descriptors: Intonation, Suprasegmentals, Grammar, Task Analysis
Weber, Kirsten; Christiansen, Morten H.; Indefrey, Peter; Hagoort, Peter – Language Learning, 2019
New linguistic information must be integrated into our existing language system. Using a novel experimental task that incorporates a syntactic priming paradigm into artificial language learning, we investigated how new grammatical regularities and words are learned. This innovation allowed us to control the language input the learner received,…
Descriptors: Syntax, Second Language Learning, Task Analysis, Priming
Radulescu, Silvia; Wijnen, Frank; Avrutin, Sergey – Language Learning and Development, 2020
From limited evidence, children track the regularities of their language impressively fast and they infer generalized rules that apply to novel instances. This study investigated what drives the inductive leap from memorizing specific items and statistical regularities to extracting abstract rules. We propose an innovative entropy model that…
Descriptors: Linguistic Input, Language Acquisition, Grammar, Learning Processes
Poletiek, Fenna H.; Monaghan, Padraic; van de Velde, Maartje; Bocanegra, Bruno R. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
Language is infinitely productive because syntax defines dependencies between grammatical categories of words and constituents, so there is interchangeability of these words and constituents within syntactic structures. Previous laboratory-based studies of language learning have shown that complex language structures like hierarchical center…
Descriptors: Semantics, Syntax, Grammar, Generalization
Ordin, Mikhail; Polyanskaya, Leona; Soto, David – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
We assessed the effect of bilingualism on metacognitive processing in the artificial language learning task, in 2 experiments varying in the difficulty to segment the language. Following a study phase in which participants were exposed to the artificial language, segmentation performance was assessed by means of a dual forced-choice recognition…
Descriptors: Metacognition, Bilingualism, Language Processing, Artificial Languages
Fedzechkina, Maryia; Newport, Elissa L.; Jaeger, T. Florian – Cognitive Science, 2017
Across languages of the world, some grammatical patterns have been argued to be more common than expected by chance. These are sometimes referred to as (statistical) "language universals." One such universal is the correlation between constituent order freedom and the presence of a case system in a language. Here, we explore whether this…
Descriptors: Grammar, Diachronic Linguistics, English, Old English
Statistical Word Learning in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Specific Language Impairment
Haebig, Eileen; Saffran, Jenny R.; Ellis Weismer, Susan – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2017
Background: Word learning is an important component of language development that influences child outcomes across multiple domains. Despite the importance of word knowledge, word-learning mechanisms are poorly understood in children with specific language impairment (SLI) and children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study examined…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Language Impairments, Cognitive Processes