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van Wouwe, N. C.; Ridderinkhof, K. R.; Band, G. P. H.; van den Wildenberg, W. P. M.; Wylie, S. A. – Neuropsychologia, 2012
Learning to select optimal behavior in new and uncertain situations is a crucial aspect of living and requires the ability to quickly associate stimuli with actions that lead to rewarding outcomes. Mathematical models of reinforcement-based learning to select rewarding actions distinguish between (1) the formation of stimulus-action-reward…
Descriptors: Mathematical Models, Diseases, Patients, Rewards
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McConaghy, J.; Kirby, N. H. – Intelligence, 1987
Four experiments examined the extent to which the componential method of analogical reasoning, developed by R. J. Sternberg, could be used to investigate the cognitive processes of subjects with both above- and below-average intelligence. (Author/LMO)
Descriptors: Analogy, Componential Analysis, Cues, Encoding (Psychology)