Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explicate spiritual leadership lessons of beneficence, courage, hope and ubuntu/humanness that are derived from the experiences of women leaders in Kenya. The paper seeks to connect African data with existing literature on spiritual leadership, to demonstrate where African spiritual leadership is similar…

Discusses an instrument called "The Balance of Power" which is designed to enable managers to identify their management skill needs and improve their management style by balancing effective planning and involvement of the person to be managed. Five management styles and their idiosyncrasies are discussed. (MBR)

Two organization development consultants describe and evaluate the two basic consulting methods, the process-consultation model and the doctor-patient model, and provide "readiness" criteria checklists for both the client and patient models. They state that each consulting approach has its place, depending on situational factors. (MF)