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Yerin Kwak; Zachary A. Pardos – British Journal of Educational Technology, 2024
The adoption of large language models (LLMs) in education holds much promise. However, like many technological innovations before them, adoption and access can often be inequitable from the outset, creating more divides than they bridge. In this paper, we explore the magnitude of the country and language divide in the leading open-source and…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Multilingualism, Instructional Materials, Access to Education
Cabrelli, Jennifer; Puig-Mayenco, Eloi – Second Language Research, 2021
When we think of the debates surrounding linguistic transfer in L3 acquisition, one of the most prominent discussions concerns whether transfer occurs in a wholesale fashion or whether it is property-by-property. One such model is the Linguistic Proximity Model (LPM, Mykhaylyk et al., 2015; Westergaard et al., 2017; Westergaard, 2021), which…
Descriptors: Linguistic Theory, Second Language Learning, Transfer of Training, Native Language
Natasha Tokowicz; Tessa Warren; Leida Tolentino – Language Teaching Research Quarterly, 2024
Adult second language learners arrive at the language learning situation with an already formed first language grammar system in place. The study of cross-language similarity across the first and second languages explores how the similarities and differences in the two languages make learning more or less difficult, particularly for adult…
Descriptors: Morphology (Languages), Syntax, Grammar, Second Language Learning
González Alonso, Jorge; Rothman, Jason – Second Language Research, 2021
In this commentary to Westergaard (2021), we focus on two main questions. The first, and most important, is what type of L3 data may be construed as supporting evidence--as opposed to a compatible outcome--for the Linguistic Proximity Model. In this regard, we highlight a number of areas in which it remains difficult to derive testable predictions…
Descriptors: Transfer of Training, Second Language Learning, Native Language, Linguistic Theory
Ionin, Tania – Second Language Research, 2021
This commentary discusses the recent keynote article in "Second Language Research" by Westergaard (2021), which extends the Micro-cue Model to second language (L2) and third language (L3) acquisition. The commentary comments on such questions as: What makes a given property easy or hard to acquire? How do learners determine similarity?…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Multilingualism, Native Language, Linguistic Theory
Kopecková, Romana; Gut, Ulrike; Wrembel, Magdalena; Balas, Anna – Second Language Research, 2023
This study investigates sources of phonological cross-linguistic influence (CLI) at the initial stages of third language (L3) acquisition in light of the predictions of the second language (L2) Status Factor Model, the Typological Primacy Model, the Cumulative Enhancement Model, the Linguistic Proximity Model and the Scalpel Model. The productions…
Descriptors: Phonology, Transfer of Training, Native Language, Second Language Learning
Grüter, Theres – Second Language Research, 2021
In this commentary, I suggest that it may be helpful to think about the formidable problem space that Westergaard's (2021) Linguistic Proximity Model seeks to address at the three levels of analysis that Marr (1982) famously proposed are needed to understand any complex cognitive system. I argue that at the computational level of analysis, where…
Descriptors: Linguistic Theory, Second Language Learning, Multilingualism, Native Language
Lilong Xu; Boping Yuan – Second Language Research, 2024
This study investigates whether there are different first-language-second-language (L1-L2) dependency resolutions by focusing on less-studied crosslinguistic variances in L2 acquisition of Chinese, a null-subject language, by speakers of English, a non-null-subject language. The overt subject pronoun of a Chinese main clause has free orientation…
Descriptors: Cues, Chinese, Phrase Structure, English
Bardel, Camilla; Falk, Ylva – Second Language Research, 2021
This text comments on the Keynote article 'Microvariation in multilingual situations: The importance of property-by-property acquisition' by Marit Westergaard, who argues for Full Transfer Potential within the Linguistic Proximity Model in third language (L3) acquisition. The commentary points at some theoretical and methodological issues related…
Descriptors: Native Language, Second Language Learning, Multilingualism, Transfer of Training
Wrembel, Magdalena – Second Language Research, 2021
This commentary discusses the recent keynote article by Westergaard (2021), which is an interesting contribution to the field of language acquisition and multilingualism, especially because it attempts to provide a wider perspective by embracing first, second and third language acquisition. I address major claims put forward by Westergaard, to…
Descriptors: Multilingualism, Second Language Learning, Native Language, Phonology
Gabriele, Alison – Second Language Research, 2021
This commentary discusses Westergaard's (2021) keynote article, which presents a comprehensive model of first language (L1), second language (L2), and third language (L3) acquisition. The commentary presents evidence from a previous study of L3 learners that provides support for Westergaard's property-by-property transfer proposal. The commentary…
Descriptors: Multilingualism, Second Language Learning, Native Language, Linguistic Theory
Stocker, Joana; Abu-Hilal, Maher; Hermena, Ehab; AlJassmi, Maryam; Barbato, Mariapaola – Educational Psychology, 2021
This study aims at testing the generalisability of Marsh's Internal/External (I/E) frame of reference model as well as its Dimensional Comparison Theory (DCT) extension in a sample of United Arab Emirates (UAE) high school students. Relationship between self-concept and achievement in Arabic, English and mathematics were explored. A sample of 990…
Descriptors: Arabs, High School Students, Self Concept, Academic Achievement
Jianli, Liang – English Language Teaching, 2015
Descriptions of the classifications or models of English language have been proposed by a number of scholars who attempt to explain the differences in the ways English is used in different localities. This paper reviews three models of classification of English language, with an aim of drawing implications on how English Language Teaching (ELT) in…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Language Attitudes
Biedron, Adriana; Pawlak, Miroslaw – Language Teaching, 2016
This state-of-the art paper focuses on the issue of linguistic giftedness, somewhat neglected in the second language acquisition (SLA) literature, attempting to reconceptualize, expand and update this concept in response to latest developments in the fields of psychology, linguistics and neurology. It first discusses contemporary perspectives on…
Descriptors: Language Aptitude, Gifted, Second Language Learning, Learning Strategies
Jabbari, Ali Akbar; Achard-Bayle, Guy; Ablali, Driss – Cogent Education, 2018
This study attempts to tease apart the effect of dominant languages of communication on the acquisition of syntactic properties of L3 French in order to test the current L3 generative theories. Three groups of bilinguals took part in this study: L1 Persian/L2 English, with French as the dominant language of communication, L1 Persian/L2 English,…
Descriptors: French, Bilingualism, Multilingualism, Native Language
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