Publication Date
| In 2025 | 1 |
| Since 2024 | 1 |
| Since 2021 (last 5 years) | 1 |
| Since 2016 (last 10 years) | 1 |
| Since 2006 (last 20 years) | 1 |
Descriptor
| Correlation | 2 |
| English (Second Language) | 2 |
| Multiple Choice Tests | 2 |
| Scores | 2 |
| Second Language Learning | 2 |
| Word Processing | 2 |
| Age Differences | 1 |
| Asians | 1 |
| Bilingualism | 1 |
| College Graduates | 1 |
| Computer Assisted Testing | 1 |
| More ▼ | |
Author
| Amy Canham | 1 |
| Angela de Bruin | 1 |
| Juliana Manolova | 1 |
| Manalo, Jonathan R. | 1 |
| Marion Coumel | 1 |
| Wolfe, Edward W. | 1 |
Publication Type
| Journal Articles | 2 |
| Reports - Research | 2 |
Education Level
| Higher Education | 1 |
| Postsecondary Education | 1 |
Audience
Location
Laws, Policies, & Programs
Assessments and Surveys
| Test of English as a Foreign… | 1 |
What Works Clearinghouse Rating
Peer reviewed
Direct linkAmy Canham; Marion Coumel; Juliana Manolova; Angela de Bruin – International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2025
Bilingual students can take notes in their first language (L1) or their second language (L2). Higher note-taking quality, which might differ between the L1 and L2, has been associated with better memory of new content. In this study, we examined how language of note taking within bilinguals affects note quality and memory of new content. One…
Descriptors: Notetaking, English (Second Language), Memory, Video Technology
Download full textWolfe, Edward W.; Manalo, Jonathan R. – ETS Research Report Series, 2005
This study examined scores from 133,906 operationally scored Test of English as a Foreign Language™ (TOEFL®) essays to determine whether the choice of composition medium has any impact on score quality for subgroups of test-takers. Results of analyses demonstrate that (a) scores assigned to word-processed essays are slightly more reliable than…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Scores
