In the late 1990s and early 2000s, the Toronto Police Service was exploring how to increase access to higher education to its officers. The service saw higher education as salient to its organizational imperatives of professionalization, increased public legitimacy and credibility, and enhanced academic recognition of police professional learning.…

Urges community colleges and police departments to cooperate in the development of meaningful, relevant and practical police science programs to raise the educational level of police departments throughout the country. (AYC)

Attempts to analyze crime control program development and relate it to several independent variables which might be associated. Results show that often crime control programs were developed at the Associate degree level and appear to duplicate or approximate the police training academies. (Author)

Describes a law enforcement certificate program at Minnesota's Leech Lake Tribal College, developed to help respond to increasing youth violence. Argues that the physical training and academics are just as rigorous as those in similar programs offered by non-tribal colleges, but that the tribal program includes a cultural component. (AJL)