Presents four actual letters of recommendation written by the same professor within the same year, two for men and two for women. Information about the students is provided after the letters. The analytical views of professionals, after reading these letters of recommendation, are presented. Suggests ways for students to obtain more accurate and…

Responses from individuals with postgraduate human resource management qualifications (n=52, 60% women, 40% men) indicated that men received more internal promotions, women sought career advancement externally and received lower salaries. Women were much more likely to perceive career barriers such as lack of role models or self-confidence.…

In a survey of a random sample of counselors in counseling associations, respondents made dichotomous ethical judgments of counselor behavior in 25 vignettes. Ethical knowledge scores were compared with respect to professional membership division, sex, age, years of formal education, degree level, counseling experience, primary work setting,…

AASA's 2000 survey indicates that women are poorly positioned for superintendencies, lack appropriate credentials, have little fiscal management experience, eschew pursuit of superintendencies for personal reasons, face boards' reluctance to hire them, have higher teaching motivations than formerly, and enter the administrator preparation…

Compares trends in England and Scotland concerning what young people do at the school-leaving age of 16 (previously 15), whether "stayers" continue in school or go to further-education colleges, qualifications (credentials) achieved by school leavers, and differences between girls and boys. Examines Scotland's postsecondary attendance…

A review of European research on the relationship between higher education and employment addresses a variety of issues, including changing employment opportunities and patterns for graduates, "appropriate" employment and educational relevance, and employer expectations and recruitment criteria. (MSE)