Verbal chanting was the most accurate response for kindergarten students and, along with clapping, for first graders. Clapping was most accurate for third graders and, along with chanting, for second graders. Overall, the stepping response was the least accurate. Girls consistently received higher mean scores than boys. (Author/RM)

The relationship between word frequency and reading vocabulary was investigated, with particular attention to the lognormal model of word frequency distribution and the concept of family frequency. Subjects were 576 elementary and secondary school students. The effects of grade, ability, and gender were also investigated. Results are discussed.…

Examined the relationship between ego identity, formal operations, and egocentrism in adolescents. Results indicated significant positive correlations between ego identity and formal operations and between ego identity and grade in school. Grade in school explained 21 percent of the variance while formal operational thinking, egocentrism, and sex…

Collected normative data for the Children's Depression Inventory on 1,463 public school children in Grades 2 through 8. Obtained significant sex and grade differences, but the absolute magnitude of these differences was small. Scores were very consistent with those previously reported. (Author/BH)

Examined whether Career Decision Scale (CDS) scores and four subscales were related to high school students' (N=465) career decision status, grade level, and gender. Findings demonstrated utility of using factor-based subscales to create typology of career indecision and showed many significant differences on various indecision scales resulting…

Describes a study of Australian students in grades seven, nine, and 11 that used the Computer Anxiety Index (CAIN), to test its unidimensionality and avoid the conceptual confusion of multi-dimensionality. Discusses the use of Rasch analysis, and analyzes differences in grade levels and gender. (Contains 51 references.) (Author/LRW)

After secondary students completed the Gregorc Style Delineator, researchers analyzed differences in academic achievement related to cognitive style, gender, grade, and age. Patterns of cognitive styles differed from those identified by earlier research. Concrete-sequential students had the highest grade point averages. Females outperformed males.…

Compares high-school dropout rates for boys versus girls in 45 schools with grade spans of 7-12, 9-12, or 10-12. For all three grade spans, boys had higher dropout rates than girls. Highest rates were in the 10-12 grade span; the lowest were in 7-12 districts. (Contains 13 references.) (MLH)

Surveyed college students (N=688) from two universities to examine variables related to drinking, i.e., peer pressure, social ease, and desire to refrain from drinking. Results show class standing and gender to be variables affecting resistance to pressure to drink (RPD). Presents preventive strategies for university administrators. (BH)

Manipulated three types of examiners and four types of data in order to study the examiner effect on self-reports of drug use by students (N=152). Analyses revealed that type of examiner, sex, and year in school had a significant three way interaction affecting self-reports of drug use. (Author/BH)

Examined use of aggressive behaviors in adolescent romantic relationships, the endorsement of attitudes that promote such behaviors, and the extent to which attachment and emotional styles are related to these behaviors and styles in 254 high school students. As expected, girls were somewhat more likely to report being the perpetrator of physical…

A systematic meta-analysis of research studies (N=22) published since 1980 concerning self-concept as a multidimensional phenomenon in children and adolescents was conducted. Results show a complex pattern of gender differences and similarities, some of which were consistent across grade level. Although some of the results defied stereotypes,…

A study investigated the effect of scholastic level, teacher orientation on a control/autonomy continuum, and pupil gender on 459 elementary school students' intrinsic motivation to engage in school work. Results indicated that teacher orientation toward autonomy enhanced the intrinsic motivation of girls on two of three dimensions, and that of…

This study investigated the effects of personalization of cover letter and envelopes and the effect of teacher's sex, grade level taught, and the locale on responses to a mail survey of public school teachers. Significant effects were found for locale but not for personalization, sex, or grade level taught. (Author/JAZ)

This study examined the relationship of writing achievement and attitude toward writing and the relationship of grade level and gender to attitude toward writing among elementary students. Analysis of students' writing competence and attitudes toward writing indicated that grade level, gender, and attitude were good predictors of writing…