Examined individuals differing in sex, age, profession, eminence and fame, and historical period for presence of the birthday-deathday phenomenon. Found a decrease in probability of death with approaching birthday followed by an increase in most males. Females showed an initial rise in probability of death with approaching birthday, followed by a…

Notes that, in North America, older women are less likely to be suicidal than older men. Focuses on older women's low rates of suicide mortality. On basis of literature review, suggests several hypotheses, including one that gender differences in suicide mortality reflect differences in coping and another that gender differences are influenced by…

Examined depression in 53 eldest children between 6 and 10 years old who were living in mother-headed one-parent families. Only gender of the child was a significant predictor of depression, with boys reporting significantly greater depressive symptomatology. Contrary to expectation, neither time since separation nor depression in the mother was…

Tested causal models predicting unmarried adolescent pregnancy using data from 2,158 young adults. Among the males, having a girlfriend become pregnant is associated with school difficulties, low parental socioeconomic status, and high popularity. Among females, pregnancy risk is related to race, low socioeconomic status, father absence, number of…

Examines the relationship of two types of common behavioral problems of adolescence, substance involvement (SI) and Conduct Disorder Behavior (CDB), to traumatic injury related health problems (TRHP) during adolescence and young adulthood. Analyses suggest that early SI places females at risk for TRHP, while CDB is more related to TRHP for males.…

Used data from the 1993 National Black Politics Study to examine the way gender worked in explaining African American attitudes toward gay men. Results indicated that African American females expressed more positive attitudes toward homosexual men than did African American males, and of the variables examined (including age, church attendance,…

Explores the relationship between alcohol consumption and contraceptive methods used by 364 heterosexually active undergraduate students at a large public university. Twenty-six percent of the respondents reported drinking alcohol before their last sexual encounter. Found that men who combined alcohol and sex were less likely to report that their…

Finds that, in an interactional context involving bargaining, power accounted for over three times the amount of variance in threat use than did gender, and was the best predictor of the use of powerful language in this context. (SR)

Examines relationships between general and sex-specific alcohol expectancies and drinking before offending with child sex offenders. Results show that sex-specific expectancies were the best predictor of the proportion of times the offenders reported drinking before offending. Highlights the importance of assessing expectancies related to…

Examines the extent to which assertiveness and related social skills, personal competence, and refusal efficacy predict alcohol involvement in adolescents. Males were at higher risk for poor refusal skills and reported higher alcohol involvement. Youth characterized by poor social skill development reported lower refusal efficacy, lower grades,…

Examined the relationship between sex and annual salary for 650 certified rehabilitation counselors (CRCs). Found sex to be a significant predictor of CRC annual salaries when effects of religion, employment setting, education, work/location, and work experience were controlled. Indicated that women earn 84% of the salaries earned by men.…

Psychiatrists have been reported to demonstrate a variety of negative attitudes toward older patients. This study suggests that certain personal characteristics of psychiatrists are associated with more pronounced negative attitudes. These characteristics include female gender, psychoanalytic theoretical orientation, and certification by the…

Surveyed employees of a comprehensive human services department during a period of budgetary retrenchment to determine whether there were gender-related differences in reported job satisfaction levels or in underlying factors. Human service employees become much more androgynous during times of fiscal hardship. (Author/MCF)

Administered the Irrational Beliefs Test, Anger Inventory, and Trait Anxiety Inventory to 382 students. Results revealed that personal perfection, anxious overconcern, blame pronenes, and catastrophizing were predictors of general anger. Anxious overconcern, problem avoidance, catastrophizing, and personal perfection were significant regression…

Investigated interrelationships between perceived causes of divorce in a sample of 275 males and 336 females. Seven dimensions of divorce, underlying 18 possible contributing causes, were revealed. Significant differences were found between the sexes both in frequencies with which causes were identified and in composition of the seven factors.…