Sexual violence--which can include crimes such as rape and other forms of sexual coercion--is widely acknowledged as a problem on college campuses. Although the Department of Education (Education) collects some data on sexual violence at colleges that receive federal funding, measuring the prevalence of campus sexual violence has proven difficult, due in part to underreporting of these incidents to law enforcement. This report examines (1) key stakeholders' views on the strengths and limitations of campus climate surveys on sexual violence; (2) approaches selected colleges have taken to survey their students; and (3) the role federal agencies play in helping colleges develop and implement these surveys. The Government Accountability Office (GAO) reviewed documentation for three widely administered survey instruments, and relevant federal laws, regulations, and guidance. GAO interviewed 25 stakeholders, including researchers; Education and Justice officials; officials in four states that required or recommended campus climate surveys as of January 1, 2017, a date selected to allow time for implementation; and 10 colleges--including seven that conducted campus climate surveys--selected based on program length (2- or 4-year), geographic diversity, and other factors.