Almost three-quarters of the nation's college students were enrolled in an education program offered at least partially online in 2020. Some colleges have contracted with third parties, known as OPMs, to help them deliver programs online and recruit students for these programs. The Government Accountability Office (GAO) was asked to review Education's role in overseeing colleges' use of OPMs. This report examines (1) colleges' use of OPMs; and (2) the extent to which Education's monitoring instructions ensure that it obtains the information needed to assess whether OPM arrangements comply with the incentive compensation ban. GAO analyzed data and information from a market research firm, a higher education research firm, and seven OPM companies with the largest number of arrangements with colleges. GAO reviewed relevant regulations and agency guidance on Education's monitoring policies and procedures. GAO interviewed Education officials as well as officials from selected colleges, three audit firms, and a state audit office that were identified through research and referrals. GAO is making two recommendations to Education to improve instructions for auditors and colleges to help Education obtain the information needed to assess OPM arrangements for incentive compensation violations. Education agreed with GAO's recommendations and described plans to address them.