Over the years, researchers from different disciplines have used a wide range of research methods to assess the views of children, especially qualitative methods such as focus groups and small group discussions. Large-scale quantitative surveys are much less common, even though they are a valuable way of comparing data from across different age…

For educational achievement tests that employ multiple-choice (MC) items and aim to reliably classify students into performance categories, it is critical to design MC items that are capable of discriminating student performance according to the stated achievement levels. This is accomplished, in part, by clearly understanding how item design…