The changing achievement relationships among students, from elementary through high school, were investigated between their ages relative to their classmates and their ages at entry into first grade. A secondary analysis was performed on the data collected by the National Assessment of Educational Progress. The sample involved Caucasian students…

This report examines the effects of both student and school characteristics on mathematics and science achievement levels in the third, seventh, and eleventh grades using data from the 1985-86 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). Analyses feature hierarchical linear models (HLM), a regression-like statistical technique that…