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Bickel, Robert – Youth and Society, 1986
Public and private schooling have a roughly uniform effect on achievement, but variability among students' home and neighborhood environments mask the leveling effect. Includes an historical discussion of egalitarianism and stratification in American education. (PS)
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Black Students, Educational History, Equal Education
Bickel, Robert – 1999
Recent research in West Virginia and California has linked school size to both effectiveness and equity, finding that as school size increased, the mean achievement costs for schools with less-advantaged students became more burdensome. An effort was undertaken to replicate this research in four states offering a variety of school settings and…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Economically Disadvantaged, Elementary Secondary Education, Enrollment
Bickel, Robert – 1999
Recent research in West Virginia and California has linked school size to both effectiveness and equity, finding that as school size increased, the mean achievement costs for schools with less-advantaged students became more burdensome. An effort was undertaken to replicate this research in four states offering a variety of school settings and…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Economically Disadvantaged, Elementary Secondary Education, Enrollment