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Education Commission of the States, 2021
In some states, alternative schooling options are provided for specific student populations. State statute or regulation commonly notes which alternatives are available, which entity is responsible for establishing or providing such alternatives and for which student populations these alternatives are made available. This data point highlights…
Descriptors: State Policy, Discipline Policy, Suspension, Expulsion
Office for Civil Rights, US Department of Education, 2025
The 2021-22 Civil Rights Data Collection (CRDC) is a mandatory survey of all public school districts and schools serving students in preschool through grade 12 in the 50 states, Washington, D.C., and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and therefore includes data from 17,704 public school districts also known as local education agencies (LEAs) and…
Descriptors: Public Schools, School Districts, Data Collection, Access to Education
Education Commission of the States, 2021
This data point highlights state policy permitting or prohibiting the use of corporal punishment. Corporal punishment is permitted in at least 18 states, is prohibited in at least 27 states and the District of Columbia, and at least five states did not specify their policy in statute or regulation. Of the minimum 18 states where it is permitted,…
Descriptors: State Policy, Discipline Policy, Punishment, Violence
Education Commission of the States, 2021
Many states place limitations on the use of suspension and expulsion. This data point captures restrictions on the use of suspension and/or expulsion that states have set in policy. At least 15 states and the District of Columbia have restrictions on the use of suspension and/or expulsion for students based on their grade level or age. At least 14…
Descriptors: State Policy, Discipline Policy, Suspension, Expulsion
Education Commission of the States, 2021
States use statute and regulations to substantiate which behaviors "may" result in a student being suspended or expelled, with varying degrees of discretion allowed at local levels. This data point captures the offenses for which students may be suspended or expelled. At least 32 states and the District of Columbia allow suspension or…
Descriptors: State Policy, Discipline Policy, Suspension, Expulsion
Education Commission of the States, 2021
States use statute and regulations to specify which behaviors "must" result in a student being suspended or expelled, with varying degrees of discretion allowed at local levels. This data point captures the offenses for which students must be suspended or expelled. Forty-six states and the District of Columbia must suspend students for…
Descriptors: State Policy, Discipline Policy, Suspension, Expulsion
Education Commission of the States, 2021
At least 37 states and the District of Columbia outline alternatives to suspension/expulsion or non-punitive supports that are either available or encouraged. Commonly cited approaches include community service, conflict resolution, counseling, peer mediation, positive behavioral interventions, restitution and restorative justice. This data point…
Descriptors: State Policy, Discipline Policy, Suspension, Expulsion
Education Commission of the States, 2021
This data point highlights reporting requirements in state policy regarding the use of suspension and/or expulsion. At least 39 states and the District of Columbia outline reporting requirements for the use of suspension and/or expulsion in statute or regulation. At least 11 states have reporting requirements that are specific to certain types of…
Descriptors: State Policy, Discipline Policy, Suspension, Expulsion
Education Commission of the States, 2021
In addition to generally reporting on suspension and expulsion use, at least 22 states and the District of Columbia require such reported data to be disaggregated by race, ethnicity, gender or some other category, allowing the possibility of discipline disparities to be documented and addressed. This data point highlights state policy that creates…
Descriptors: State Policy, Discipline Policy, Suspension, Expulsion
Riley Burr; Jana Kemp; Ke Wang – National Center for Education Statistics, 2024
These are the supplemental tables for the report, "Crime, Violence, Discipline, and Safety in U.S. Public Schools: Findings from the School Survey on Crime and Safety: 2021-22. First Look. NCES 2024-043." The report presents findings both on crime and violence in U.S. public schools and on the practices and programs schools have used to…
Descriptors: Crime, School Violence, School Safety, Public Schools
Rachel M. Perera – Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University, 2021
Using newly available data on all civil rights complaints submitted to the U.S. Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights related to racial discrimination in discipline between 1999 and 2018, I provide the first systematic evidence on how modern federal civil rights enforcement is used to address racial discrimination in discipline. I find…
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, Civil Rights, Civil Rights Legislation, Racial Discrimination
Office for Civil Rights, US Department of Education, 2021
The Civil Rights Data Collection (CRDC) covers nearly every public school (pre-K-12th grade) in the 50 states, D.C., and Puerto Rico. This includes charter schools, alternative schools, juvenile justice facilities, and special education facilities. The CRDC collects school district data also. It measures factors that impact education equity and…
Descriptors: Expulsion, Discipline Policy, Public Schools, Elementary Secondary Education
Regional Educational Laboratory Midwest, 2021
The "Effect of Discipline Reform Plans on Exclusionary Discipline Outcomes in Minnesota" study examined the use of exclusionary discipline practices by Minnesota local education agencies from 2014/15 through 2018/19 and the extent to which the creation of discipline reform plans by identified local education agencies was associated with…
Descriptors: Civil Rights, Suspension, Expulsion, Discipline