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Willingham, Warren W.; Cole, Nancy S. – 1997
This exploration of gender and test fairness first considers ways in which women and men sometimes differ in test performance, and then examines some of the aspects of why they differ, focusing on aspects that have implications for the design of fair tests. The first chapter introduces the context of the topic, the nature of test fairness, and the…
Descriptors: Achievement, Elementary Secondary Education, Ethnic Groups, Higher Education
Harbison, Ralph W.; Hanushek, Eric A. – 1992
An 8-year study of academic achievement, student performance, and education costs in rural northeastern Brazil investigated the presumption that students automatically perform better when more school resources are provided. Two main topics were examined: the success of EDURURAL, an educational intervention project in rural Brazil sponsored by the…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Access to Education, Cost Effectiveness, Developing Nations
