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Leitner, Helga; Sheppard, Eric S. – Journal of Geography, 1987
Describes recent trends in the economic and regional development of Indonesia and examines the internal and external forces influencing the process. Shows how these forces account for the rise of a strong centralized state. Discusses Indonesia's current problems. Includes tables, maps, and graphs of economic investment figures, world trade, and…
Descriptors: Centralization, Developing Nations, Economic Development, Global Approach

Lawton, Stephen B. – Journal of Education Finance, 1998
Statistical sources demonstrate negative effects on educational spending in Canada in the 1990s, due to policies adopted in response to a severe recession and ballooning federal and provincial deficits. Massive restructuring (centralization and district consolidation) is occurring to increase efficiency. Retrenchment will probably be completed by…
Descriptors: Centralization, Economic Factors, Educational Finance, Efficiency

Dingerson, Michael R.; Hill, Margaret – Journal of the Society of Research Administrators, 1982
A survey of internal research programs shows most are centrally administered with most growth in the private sector. Half spent under $75,000 per year on these programs. Stated program purposes were generally supportive of young researchers and of preliminary research. Administration is most often under academic vice-presidents and graduate…
Descriptors: Administrative Organization, Administrative Policy, Centralization, College Faculty
Fleischmann, John; Olson, Ann V. – Journal of the College and University Personnel Association, 1986
Data resulting from a survey of institutional policies and practices for employee recruiting and interviewing and for job advertising are reported for public and private institutions with centralized and decentralized employment services. (MSE)
Descriptors: Administrative Organization, Advertising, Budgets, Centralization