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Engvall, Margareta; Samuelsson, Joakim; Östergren, Rickard – Problems of Education in the 21st Century, 2020
Mastering traditional algorithms has formed mathematics teaching in primary education. Educational reforms have emphasized variation and creativity in teaching and using computational strategies. These changes have recently been criticized for lack of empirical support. This research examines the effect of teaching two differently structured…
Descriptors: Mathematics Skills, Teaching Methods, Elementary School Students, Grade 2
Hooper, Frank H.; And Others – 1979
This 4-year longitudinal study of logical reasoning found complex interrelationships among different cognitive processes of children ages 6 to 15. Piaget's stage theory is discussed in the introduction, with a focus on the concrete operational stage in middle childhood. In the study, a representative array of logical concept tasks and short-term…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Child Development, Children, Cognitive Ability