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Beaton, Albert E.; Chromy, James R. – American Institutes for Research, 2007
Fundamental to statistical analyses is the comparison of means of one variable from two or more populations. Population samples may be constructed (i.e., experimental and control groups), or they may be natural groupings (i.e., students at a particular grade in different years). If the populations are similar, the mean comparisons are…
Descriptors: Control Groups, Academic Achievement, Statistical Analysis, Comparative Analysis
Mullis, Ina V. S.; Martin, Michael O.; Ruddock, Graham J.; O'Sullivan, Christine Y.; Arora, Alka; Erberber, Ebru – International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement, 2005
Developing the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2007 Assessment Frameworks represents an extensive collaborative effort involving individuals and expert groups from more than 60 countries around the world. The document contains three frameworks for implementing TIMSS 2007--the Mathematics Framework, the Science…
Descriptors: Grade 8, Grade 4, Geometric Concepts, Science Tests