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Download full textMullis, Ina V. S.; Martin, Michael O.; Foy, Pierre; Hooper, Martin – International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement, 2017
PIRLS (Progress in International Reading Literacy Study) was inaugurated in 2001 as a follow-up to International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement's 1991 Reading Literacy Study. Conducted every five years, PIRLS assesses the reading achievement of young students in their fourth year of schooling--an important transition…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Grade 4, Foreign Countries, International Assessment
Direct linkMontoya, Silvia – RAND Corporation, 2010
The racial achievement gap has been at the center of the educational debate for decades in the United States. Although disparities in educational outcomes have declined in part of the 20th century, the process has stalled in this decade. For instance, in mathematics the gap in raw scores for students aged 13 has decline from 41 points in 1978 to…
Descriptors: Neighborhoods, Family Income, Educational Objectives, Achievement Gains
Haertel, Edward H.; Wiley, David E. – 1979
This document presents data on the relative influence of (1) maternal education, (2) race (or ethnicity) and (3) poverty on elementary students' academic achievement. Study results indicate that maternal education has the greatest effect on achievement. The data base is reported as representative of all U.S. children enrolled in public schools,…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Blacks, Comparative Analysis, Economic Factors
