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Simon, Candace; Lewis, Sharon; Uro, Gabriela; Uzzell, Renata; Palacios, Moses; Casserly, Michael – Council of the Great City Schools, 2011
In 2010, approximately 14 percent of all students in the nation were enrolled in the organization's 65 urban school districts out of approximately 15,000 school districts nationwide. In addition, 21 percent of the nation's students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch, 26 percent of English language learner (ELL) students and 24 percent of the…
Descriptors: Achievement Gap, Urban Schools, Academic Achievement, National Competency Tests
Carlson, Sibylle J.; Latta, R. Michael – 1980
One attributional model of achievement proposes that individuals attribute their own and others' performance outcomes to one or more of four causes, i.e., ability, effort, task difficulty, and luck, and that such attributions have motivational significance for subsequent achievement-related behavior. The effects of gender, level of resultant…
Descriptors: Achievement Need, Adults, Attribution Theory, Behavior Patterns