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Download full textEducation Commission of the States, 2020
Research indicates English learners perform best when teachers are required to have state certification to teach English as a Second Language (ESL), English to Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL), bilingual or other type. At least 39 states provide for training, professional development, teaching standards, certification or endorsements for…
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, English Language Learners, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning
Peer reviewedTannenbaum, Richard J.; Wylie, E. Caroline – ETS Research Report Series, 2008
The Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) describes language proficiency in reading, writing, speaking, and listening on a 6-level scale. In this study, English-language experts from across Europe linked CEFR levels to scores on three tests: the TOEFL® iBT test, the TOEIC® assessment, and the TOEIC "Bridge"™ test.…
Descriptors: Language Tests, Second Language Learning, English (Second Language), Computer Assisted Testing
