A review of 1980 U.S. census figures indicates that there are 6.7 million Americans who claim American Indian ancestry, compared with 1.4 million who checked "American Indian" as their race. Responses on other sections of the 1980 census indicate different American Indian population totals. For the purposes of this report, the highest figure of 6.7 million "Indians" (those claiming ancestry) was used and compared with the 1.4 million figure. New percentages of states' Indian-ancestry populations are computed and compared with the original, lower figures. The new data indicate that the Indian population in each state is at least 1% of the state's total population. The 1980 census figures are also compared with figures from the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), which includes only Indians enrolled in federally recognized tribes and members living on or immediately near reservations. Major states such as Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Illinois report no Indian populations, according to the BIA. The BIA data give an indication of unemployment ratio for Indians. This data is applied to the higher 1980 Indian-ancestry population count to show a new, higher Indian unemployment figure for each state. Also provided are comparisons of the Indian and Indian-ancestry populations by state and county. This report was created to help influence government officials and private funding agencies towards placing more emphasis on the needs of tribal and urban/off-reservation Indian groups and providing more funding to meet those needs. (TES)