This manual describes the methods, procedures, techniques, and activities that were used to produce the Academic Library Survey of 2004 (ALS:2004). This manual is designed to provide guidance and documentation for users of the ALS data. Included in the manual are the following: (1) an overview of the study and its predecessor studies; (2) an account of instrumentation; (3) a summary of the data collection methodology and results, including detailed response rates; (4) a description of data preparation and processing activities; and (5) an overview data file structure and contents. In addition, there are a number of appendices. The ALS: 2004 provides information pertinent to libraries at 3,889 degree-granting postsecondary educational institutions throughout the 50 states, and the District of Columbia. Appended are: (1) Glossary; (2) Record Layout; (3) Survey Instrument; (4) Crosswalks; (5) Edits and Imputations; (6) Response Rate Tables; (7) Comparison of Reported and Imputed Values; (8) Frequency and Continuous Variable Statistics; and (9) Academic Libraries Survey Tutorial. (Contains 3 tables and 10 footnotes.)