Almost 7 million children aged 3 to 21 received special education services under Part B of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) in school year 2016-17. The Government Accountability Office (GAO) was asked to review parents' use of the Individuals with IDEA dispute resolution options. This report examines (1) how often IDEA dispute resolution options are used, and whether use in selected states varies across school district-level socioeconomic or demographic characteristics; and (2) what challenges parents face in using IDEA dispute resolution options and how the Department of Education (Education) and selected states help facilitate parents' use of these options. GAO reviewed publicly available data on dispute resolution at the state level and collected data at the school district level from five states--Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, Ohio, and Pennsylvania--selected based on the number of disputes initiated and school district characteristics, among other factors. GAO also reviewed relevant federal laws, regulations, and Education and state documents; and interviewed Education officials, state officials, staff from organizations providing technical assistance in these five states, and other national advocacy organizations.