The diversity of the educational landscape is increasing; however, learners from disadvantaged backgrounds and those who experience discrimination or unequal treatment disproportionately underachieve in schools. Equality, equity and inclusion are fundamental principles of the European Union. They have also become key topics of the educational science discourse and a policy priority across Europe. This report investigates national/top-level policies and measures in 39 European education systems, which address discrimination and promote diversity and inclusion in schools. It focuses in particular on targeted initiatives to support those learners who are most likely to experience disadvantage and discrimination, including girls/boys, students from different migrant, ethnic and religious backgrounds, LGBTIQ+ students and students with special educational needs or disabilities. The findings show that relevant policies and measures in the investigated areas -- monitoring, strategies, access, curricula, learning and social-emotional support, and teacher education and training -- are widely present. However, they do not target all student groups equally. The report also highlights areas where policies and measures can be further developed.