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Two Distinct Exploratory Behaviors in Decisions from Experience: Comment on Gonzalez and Dutt (2011)
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Hills, Thomas T.; Hertwig, Ralph – Psychological Review, 2012
Gonzalez and Dutt (2011) recently reported that trends during sampling, prior to a consequential risky decision, reveal a gradual movement from exploration to exploitation. That is, even when search imposes no immediate costs, people adopt the same pattern manifest in costly search: early exploration followed by later exploitation. From this…
Descriptors: Decision Making, Models, Inferences, Sampling
The Challenges of Qualitatively Coding Ancient Texts
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Slingerland, Edward; Chudek, Maciej – Cognitive Science, 2012
We respond to several important and valid concerns about our study ("The Prevalence of Folk Dualism in Early China," "Cognitive Science" 35: 997-1007) by Klein and Klein, defending our interpretation of our data. We also argue that, despite the undeniable challenges involved in qualitatively coding texts from ancient cultures,…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, History, Coding, Time
Unrealistic Optimism about Future Life Events: A Cautionary Note
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Harris, Adam J. L.; Hahn, Ulrike – Psychological Review, 2011
A robust finding in social psychology is that people judge negative events as less likely to happen to themselves than to the average person, a behavior interpreted as showing that people are "unrealistically optimistic" in their judgments of risk concerning future life events. However, we demonstrate how unbiased responses can result in data…
Descriptors: Social Psychology, Attitudes, World Views, Risk
Civic Fragmentation or Voluntary Association? Habermas, Fraser, and Charter School Segregation
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Wilson, Terri S. – Educational Theory, 2010
In this essay, Terri Wilson puts the argument developed by Kathleen Knight Abowitz that charter schools could be considered as counterpublic spaces into interaction with empirical research that explores patterns of voluntary self-segregation in charter schools. Wilson returns to the theoretical tension between Jurgen Habermas and Nancy Fraser over…
Descriptors: Charter Schools, Persuasive Discourse, Inclusion, Public Sector
Language Learning Careers as an Object of Narrative Research in TESOL
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Benson, Phil – TESOL Quarterly: A Journal for Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages and of Standard English as a Second Dialect, 2011
One of the strengths of narrative research in TESOL is its potential to provide insight into long-term language learning experiences that cannot be investigated in real time. Reliance on retrospection, however, brings two problems that are addressed in this article through the concept of "language learning careers". The first problem is…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, College Freshmen, Second Language Learning, English (Second Language)
Reflections on a Proposed Theory of Reservation-Dwelling American Indian Alcohol Use: Comment on Spillane and Smith (2007)
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Beals, Janette; Belcourt-Dittloff, Annie; Freedenthal, Stacey; Kaufman, Carol; Mitchell, Christina; Whitesell, Nancy; Albright, Karen; Beauvais, Fred; Belcourt, Gordon; Duran, Bonnie; Fleming, Candace; Floersch, Natasha; Foley, Kevin; Jervis, Lori; Kipp, Billie Jo; Mail, Patricia; Manson, Spero; May, Philip; Mohatt, Gerald; Morse, Bradley; Novins, Douglas; O'Connell, Joan; Parker, Tassy; Quintero, Gilbert; Spicer, Paul; Stiffman, Arlene; Stone, Joseph; Trimble, Joseph; Venner, Kamilla; Walters, Karina – Psychological Bulletin, 2009
In their recent article, N. Spillane and G. Smith suggested that reservation-dwelling American Indians have higher rates of problem drinking than do either non-American Indians or those American Indians living in nonreservation settings. These authors further argued that problematic alcohol use patterns in reservation communities are due to the…
Descriptors: American Indians, Reservation American Indians, Incidence, Alcohol Abuse
Awesome Mess or Good Compromise? Spelling, Linguistics, and Middle Schoolers
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Meyer, Jim – Voices from the Middle, 2008
The stereotypical view of English spelling as an awesome mess is no longer widely held by linguists. That view assumes that spelling should represent pronunciation directly and simply. Instead, spelling is currently understood as representing a more abstract level of language as well as reflecting etymology. Examples from a middle school spelling…
Descriptors: English, Spelling, Vowels, Etymology