Examines observation as a process of systematic, intentional action, exploring strategies for observing within the classroom. Implications for the practice of educational evaluation, particularly teacher performance evaluation, are noted. Observation as a process of systematic, intentional action becomes embedded within a larger agenda aimed at…

Describes the rise and evolution of educational evaluation, discussing trends in evaluation that have emerged since 1970 and projecting these trends into tentative estimates for 1991-2010. Paradigmatic and methodological shifts in evaluation that have affected today's educational evaluation are examined. (SM)

Cognitive science research has created considerable change in people's understanding of what learning is and how it happens. This change has implications for teaching, learning, and assessment. To develop students' deep understanding of a subject, teachers must understand cognitive theories of learning and apply them in their classroom-assessment…

Examines the usefulness of accountability measures for student achievement as empowerment tools for all students, providing examples from Native American schools. The paper posits the need for understanding current standardized testing, demonstrates how content currently tested can help increase the utility of instructional programs, and advocates…