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Costa, Paul T.; McCrae, Robert R. – Psychological Bulletin, 2006
This article presents comments on the original article "Patterns of Mean-Level Change in Personality Traits Across the Life Course: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies," by B. W. Roberts, K. W. Walton, and W. Viechtbauer. Although Roberts et al depicted the present authors as proponents of the immutability of traits, in fact we have…
Descriptors: Longitudinal Studies, Age Differences, Personality Traits, Meta Analysis

Flavell, John H.; And Others – Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 1995
Reports results of 14 studies on children's knowledge about thinking. Suggests that preschoolers appear to know that thinking is an internal mental activity that can refer to real or imaginary objects or events. However, preschoolers are poor at determining when a person is and is not thinking. This shortcoming is considerably less evident in…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Age Differences, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes

Bugental, Daphne Blunt; And Others – New Directions for Child Development, 1992
Examined developmental changes and individual variations in the ways children use expressive information from others. Concluded that processing deficits are more probable for younger children or for children with low perceived control than for other children. (BB)
Descriptors: Affective Behavior, Age Differences, Children, Cognitive Structures
McCormick, Penelope G.; Olson, David R. – 1991
Three different theory of mind tasks were conducted with 4- to 8-year-old Quechua peasant children in the Peruvian Andes. The study investigated the ways in which children in preliterate cultures think and the possibility that they think differently than children in literate cultures. The tasks included: (1) a false-belief task, which tested the…
Descriptors: Age Differences, American Indians, Beliefs, Cognitive Structures
Banziger, George – 1984
Attribution theory and gerontology would be enriched by the application of a life-span approach to attribution, involving increased attention to the age of the stimulus person and developmental factors associated with self-attribution. In studies on achievement attributions about older people, chronological age appears to be a more salient cue for…
Descriptors: Achievement, Adult Development, Age Differences, Aging (Individuals)
Ornstein, Peter A.; Naus, Mary J. – 1984
A dominant theme in cognitive psychology is that prior knowledge in long-term memory has a strong influence on an individual's cognitive processing. Citing numerous memory studies with children, knowledge base effects are presented as part of a broader picture of memory development. Using the sort/recall procedure (asking subjects to group sets of…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Structures, Developmental Stages