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Birth Order2
Family Environment2
Intellectual Development2
Intelligence Quotient2
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Personality Development1
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American Psychologist2
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Michalski, Richard L.1
Shackelford, Todd K.1
Zajonc, R. B.1
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Methodology, Birth Order, Intelligence, and Personality.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Michalski, Richard L.; Shackelford, Todd K. – American Psychologist, 2001
Critiques recent research on the effects of birth order on intelligence and personality, which found that the between-family design revealed that birth order negatively related to intelligence, while the within-family design revealed that birth order was unrelated to intelligence. Suggests that it may not be intelligence that co-varies with birth…
Descriptors: Birth Order, Family Environment, Intellectual Development, Intelligence Quotient
Birth Order Debate Resolved?
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Zajonc, R. B. – American Psychologist, 2001
Critiques Rodgers et al.'s June 2000 research on the relation between birth order and intelligence, which suggests that it is a methodological illusion. Explains how the intellectual environment and the teaching function (whereby older children tutor younger ones) contribute to the growth of intellectual maturity, the first negatively and the…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Birth Order, Family Environment, Intellectual Development