The label "cognitive" has been used to designate five substantially different approaches to the study of learning disabilities: information processing, metacognition, genetic epistemology, cognitive behavior modification, and the specific abilities model. (Author)

Perspectives on holistic education, which encompasses a comprehensive view of the student and concern with the totality of factors that affect the student's education and life, are considered. Based on the view that there is an intimate link between cognitive and affective development, the holistic approach advocates that educational institutions…

Babies and young children learn through extensive experimenting and by being encouraged, unknowingly, by parents to use their multiple intelligences. Later, children are forced to conform to the narrow intelligence valued by the formal education system; those who can not adapt drop out. By using multiple intelligences, we access a greater portion…

Proposes that offering students activities that exercise right-brain functions (nonverbal, nonrational, spatial, and intuitive) helps students become more fully developed human beings and better writers. (RL)

Proposes a structural model of intelligence based on the significant aspects of Blacks' cognitive development. Discusses alternative perspectives on the understanding of macro-level activities, modifications in the general approach to cognitive assessment, and the formulation of pedagogical guidelines. (FMW)