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Kolers, Paul A.; Smythe, William E. – Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1984
Examines some of the issues that underlie the conceptual structure of the computational approach to cognition. Finds that this approach construes symbolization too narrowly, thereby blocking more adequate treatments of learning and acquisition of skills. Discusses the notion of symbol and symbolization and suggests an alternative approach to the…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Computation, Learning Theories, Symbolic Learning
Allport, Alan – Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1984
Examines Kolers and Smythe's 1984 paper on the computational approach to cognition. Considers: (1) five specific criticisms of the computational approach, (2) their analysis of the conceptual basis of symbolization, and (3) their proposed alternative approach. Summarizes their position and discusses its shortcomings. (SED)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Computation, Evaluation, Learning Theories
Brooks, Lee R. – Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1984
Discusses Kolers and Smythe's 1984 paper on the computational approach to cognition. Suggests some factors that support the continued emphasis on the analytic approach of the psychological representation of knowledge, but also acknowledges that they have provided a useful set of distinctions and at least one vocabulary for describing them. (SED)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Computation, Evaluation, Learning Theories

Gardner, H. – Human Development, 1979
An approach to cognitive development which builds upon Piagetian assumptions and methods but which takes into account specific characteristics of diverse symbol systems and media is outlined. Such an approach may account for several phenomena left unexplained by Piaget, integrate diverse strands of research, and suggest promising lines of…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes, Developmental Stages, Media Research

Nowak-Fabrykowski, Krystyna – Journal of Creative Behavior, 1992
This paper discusses links among the process of creativity, symbolization, and learning. The importance of symbolization in thinking, in school learning, in child development, and in the behavior of creative learners is stressed. (DB)
Descriptors: Child Development, Children, Cognitive Processes, Creative Development
Skemp, Richard R. – Mathematics Teaching, 1982
Discussion about the nature and varieties of mathematical understanding is presented. Symbolic understanding is defined as a mutual assimilation between a symbol system and a conceptual structure, that is dominated by the conceptual structure. (MP)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Elementary Secondary Education, Epistemology, Learning
Salomon, Gavriel; Gardner, Howard – 1983
The "symbol systems approach" to the study of computers in education that is outlined avoids the pitfalls of past media research--particularly research on the effects of television on children's learning and knowledge--and asserts that media can be usefully distinguished in terms of the symbol systems they present and the kinds of…
Descriptors: Children, Cognitive Processes, Computers, Elementary Secondary Education
Silverstein, Ora – 1995
Given the role science and technology play in economic and social development in today's world, scientific and technological literacy must be given priority as an essential component of basic education. The significance of the visual component of literacy has increased with advances in technology and picture and image usage. The United Nations…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Computer Uses in Education, Elementary Secondary Education, Foreign Countries