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Muysken, Pieter – Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 2012
"Ouh que c'est laid!" "Oh this is ugly!" is one of the comments among the 11,800 hits on Google for the sequence "la fille que je sors avec" [the girl I go out with]. Often the comments include the idea that the whole expression has been taken from English as a direct calque. The authors of the present keynote…
Descriptors: Linguistic Borrowing, Sociolinguistics, Form Classes (Languages), French
Johnson, Burke – 2000
The terms "causal-comparative" and "correlational" are dated and misleading and suggest a false dichotomy in research. Textbook authors should stop misleading educational research students and researchers in training with the notion that causal-comparative research provides better evidence for causality than correlational research. They should…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Comparative Analysis, Correlation, Educational Research

Humphreys, Lloyd G. – Intelligence, 1991
Cross-lagged methodology (CLM), which is virtually ignored by psychological researchers, is suggested for studies of causal relations in which controlled experimentation is unfeasible. The longitudinal facet in the design of CLM is highlighted. Advantages and limitations of the CLM are described. (SLD)
Descriptors: Causal Models, Correlation, Etiology, Inferences