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DeKeyser, Robert – Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 2016
In this short article I try to present a taxonomy of sources of difficulty, in particular complexity. I emphasize how these factors interact with each other and with individual differences and treatments, before illustrating some of these interactions and the methodological issues involved in studying them with examples from the empirical studies…
Descriptors: Taxonomy, Difficulty Level, Individual Differences, Second Language Learning
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Dorans, Neil J. – Harvard Educational Review, 2010
In his 2003 article in the "Harvard Educational Review" (HER), Freedle claimed that the SAT was both culturally and statistically biased and proposed a solution to ameliorate this bias. The author argued (Dorans, 2004a) that these claims were based on serious computational errors. In particular, he focused on how Freedle's table 2 was…
Descriptors: College Entrance Examinations, Test Bias, Test Items, Difficulty Level
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Santelices, Maria Veronica; Wilson, Mark – Harvard Educational Review, 2010
In their paper "Unfair Treatment? The Case of Freedle, the SAT, and the Standardization Approach to Differential Item Functioning" (Santelices & Wilson, 2010), the authors studied claims of differential effects of the SAT on Latinos and African Americans through the methodology of differential item functioning (DIF). Previous…
Descriptors: College Entrance Examinations, Test Bias, Test Items, Difficulty Level
Dorans, Neil J. – Educational Testing Service, 2010
Santelices and Wilson (2010) claimed to have addressed technical criticisms of Freedle (2003) presented in Dorans (2004a) and elsewhere. Santelices and Wilson's abstract claimed that their study confirmed that SAT[R] verbal items do function differently for African American and White subgroups. In this commentary, I demonstrate that the…
Descriptors: College Entrance Examinations, Verbal Tests, Test Bias, Test Items