It is proposed that the primary method for college budget reduction should be horizontal, across-the-board cuts by percentage applied to all programs and departments. It is argued further that vertical budget cuts embody imperfect procedural justice and should be considered only in extreme situations. (MSE)

The feasibility of promoting the development of an egalitarian society via a hierarchically organized educational system is discussed. A model for curriculum management which emphasizes teacher and student participation in the decision-making process is presented as a method for making the schools of the West Indies more democratic. (Author/RLV)

This paper delineates six attributes of an ideal high school governance structure: respect, freedom, rationality, flexibility, equality, and involvement of staff and students in the decision-making process. (Author/SJL)

Discusses three related issues of democratic governance of the National and Affiliate Group Board members of the National Association for the Education of Young Children. These issues include the principle of choice of error, the fundamental attribution error, and inequities in compensation among workers in different fields. (BB)

Argues that social-studies curricula should foster values and practices consistent with democratic values; that this requires critical thinkers who can make informed decisions; and that decision making is based on being able to ask good, probing questions. Discusses the nature of middle-school learners, the strengthening of democracy, and…

The advantages and disadvantages of laws mandating openness in decision-making are outlined, and their particular relevance in the case of collegial decision-making is discussed. (MSE)

The focus of citizen education has traditionally been on the institution of government. Instead, citizenship education should emphasize the teaching of democratic behavior and values and the practice of prosociality. Prosocial behavior is defined as actions that are intended to aid another person without the actor's anticipation of external…

Presents a rationale for practicing democracy with four and five year olds. Discusses techniques and activities that enhance children's understanding of democracy. (BB)

Supports Tozer's general themes in defining the social foundations of education (SFE) but raises questions about limitations in his analysis. After presenting a historical and contemporary basis for a definition of SFE, the article offers a revised definition of SFE and presents three purposes of the study of SFE. (SM)

The relationship between moral thinking at the level of specific rules and precepts and at the abstract, universal level is discussed, and it is argued that the first-level virtues are as necessary as those based on abstraction. The demands of education for moral life in a pluralistic society are considered. (PP)

The National Issues Forum model, a series of community based public discussions on key domestic issues, may be a partial solution to the "human gap" between growing complexity and a capacity to deal with it, by exemplifying "innovative learning." To engage in innovative learning, characterized by anticipation and participation,…

Discusses three methods that early childhood teachers can use to empower young children in the class: encouraging children to make decisions, building children's autonomy, and fostering children's trust in the individual, authority, and the group. (BB)

Argues that teaching authentic civic values in schools frequently requires teaching about controversial issues. Asserts that adequate teacher preparation and continued inservice education is essential for effective instruction about contemporary social problems. Includes two model lessons and a list of organizations that offer materials for civic…

Asserts that school democratization efforts in Russia have resulted in students and their interests becoming more important than government-appointed school inspectors. Contends that teacher-student relations have become democratized as teachers have abandoned the authoritarian methods of the past. (CFR)